Title 40—Protection of Environment–Volume 25

Authority:Secs. 301, 304(h), 307 and 501(a), Pub. L. 95-217, 91 Stat. 1566, et seq. (33 U.S.C. 1251, et seq.) (the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 as amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977).

§ 136.1 Applicability.

(a) The procedures prescribed herein shall, except as noted in §§ 136.4, 136.5, and 136.6, be used to perform the measurements indicated whenever the waste constituent specified is required to be measured for:

(1) An application submitted to the Director and/or reports required to be submitted under NPDES permits or other requests for quantitative or qualitative effluent data under parts 122 through 125 of this chapter; and

(2) Reports required to be submitted by dischargers under the NPDES established by parts 124 and 125 of this chapter; and

(3) Certifications issued by States pursuant to section 401 of the Clean Water Act (CWA), as amended.

(b) The procedure prescribed herein and in part 503 of title 40 shall be used to perform the measurements required for an application submitted to the Administrator or to a State for a sewage sludge permit under section 405(f) of the Clean Water Act and for recordkeeping and reporting requirements under part 503 of title 40.

(c) For the purposes of the NPDES program, when more than one test procedure is approved under this part for the analysis of a pollutant or pollutant parameter, the test procedure must be sufficiently sensitive as defined at 40 CFR 122.21(e)(3) and 122.44(i)(1)(iv).

[72 FR 14224, Mar. 26, 2007, as amended at 77 FR 29771, May 18, 2012; 79 FR 49013, Aug. 19, 2014; 82 FR 40846, Aug. 28, 2017]

§ 136.2 Definitions.

As used in this part, the term:

(a) Act means the Clean Water Act of 1977, Pub. L. 95-217, 91 Stat. 1566, et seq. (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) (The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 as amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977).

(b) Administrator means the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

(d) Director means the director as defined in 40 CFR 122.2.

(e) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) means the national system for the issuance of permits under section 402 of the Act and includes any State or interstate program which has been approved by the Administrator, in whole or in part, pursuant to section 402 of the Act.

(f) Detection limit means the minimum concentration of an analyte (substance) that can be measured and reported with a 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is distinguishable from the method blank results as determined by the procedure set forth at appendix B of this part.

[38 FR 28758, Oct. 16, 1973, as amended at 49 FR 43250, Oct. 26, 1984; 82 FR 40846, Aug. 28, 2017]

§ 136.3 Identification of test procedures.

(a) Parameters or pollutants, for which methods are approved, are listed together with test procedure descriptions and references in Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG, and IH of this section. The methods listed in Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG, and IH are incorporated by reference, see paragraph (b) of this section, with the exception of EPA Methods 200.7, 601-613, 624.1, 625.1, 1613, 1624, and 1625. The full texts of Methods 601-613, 624.1, 625.1, 1613, 1624, and 1625 are printed in appendix A of this part, and the full text of Method 200.7 is printed in appendix C of this part. The full text for determining the method detection limit when using the test procedures is given in appendix B of this part. In the event of a conflict between the reporting requirements of 40 CFR parts 122 and 125 and any reporting requirements associated with the methods listed in these tables, the provisions of 40 CFR parts 122 and 125 are controlling and will determine a permittee’s reporting requirements. The full texts of the referenced test procedures are incorporated by reference into Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG, and IH. The date after the method number indicates the latest editorial change of the method. The discharge parameter values for which reports are required must be determined by one of the standard analytical test procedures incorporated by reference and described in Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG, and IH or by any alternate test procedure which has been approved by the Administrator under the provisions of paragraph (d) of this section and §§ 136.4 and 136.5. Under certain circumstances (paragraph (c) of this section, § 136.5(a) through (d) or 40 CFR 401.13,) other additional or alternate test procedures may be used.

Table IA—List of Approved Biological Methods for Wastewater and Sewage Sludge

Parameter and units	Method ¹	EPA	Standard methods	AOAC, ASTM, USGS	Other
Bacteria
1. Coliform (fecal), number per gram dry weight	Most Probable Number (MPN), 5 tube, 3 dilution, or	p. 132 ³, 1680 ¹¹ ¹⁵, 1681. ¹¹ ²⁰	9221 E-2014.
	Membrane filter (MF) ² ⁵, single step	p. 124 ³	9222 D-2015. ²⁹
2. Coliform (fecal), number per 100 mL	MPN, 5 tube, 3 dilution, or	p. 132 ³	9221 E-2014, 9221 F-2014. ³³
	Multiple tube/multiple well, or				Colilert-18®. ¹³ ¹⁸ ²⁸
	MF ² ⁵, single step ⁵	p. 124 ³	9222 D-2015. ²⁹	B-0050-85. ⁴
3. Coliform (total), number per 100 mL	MPN, 5 tube, 3 dilution, or	p. 114 ³	9221 B-2014.
	MF ² ⁵, single step or	p. 108 ³	9222 B-2015. ³⁰	B-0025-85. ⁴
	MF ² ⁵, two step with enrichment	p. 111 ³	9222 B-2015. ³⁰
4. E. coli, number per 100 mL	MPN ⁶ ⁸ ¹⁶ multiple tube, or		9221 B2014/9221 F-2014. ¹² ¹⁴ ³³
	multiple tube/multiple well, or		9223 B-2016. ¹³	991.15 ¹⁰	Colilert®. ¹³ ¹⁸ Colilert-18®. ¹³ ¹⁷ ¹⁸
	MF ² ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸, two step, or		9222 B-2015/9222 I-2015. ³¹
	Single step	1603.1 ²¹			m-ColiBlue24®. ¹⁹
5. Fecal streptococci, number per 100 mL	MPN, 5 tube, 3 dilution, or	p. 139 ³	9230 B-2013.
	MF ², or	p. 136 ³	9230 C-2013 ³²	B-0055-85. ⁴
	Plate count	p. 143 ³
6. Enterococci, number per 100 mL	MPN, 5 tube, 3 dilution, or	p. 139 ³	9230 B-2013.
	MPN ⁶ ⁸, multiple tube/multiple well, or		9230 D-2013	D6503-99 ⁹	Enterolert®. ¹³ ²³
	MF ² ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ single step or	1600.1 ²⁴	9230 C-2013. ³²
	Plate count	p. 143. ³
7. Salmonella, number per gram dry weight ¹¹	MPN multiple tube	1682 ²²
Aquatic Toxicity
8. Toxicity, acute, fresh water organisms, LC50, percent effluent	Water flea, Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia acute	2002.0. ²⁵
	Water flea, Cladocerans, Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna acute	2021.0. ²⁵
	Fish, Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, and Bannerfin shiner, Cyprinella leedsi, acute	2000.0. ²⁵
	Fish, Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, acute	2019.0. ²⁵
9. Toxicity, acute, estuarine and marine organisms of the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, LC50, percent effluent	Mysid, Mysidopsis bahia, acute	2007.0. ²⁵
	Fish, Sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus, acute	2004.0. ²⁵
	Fish, Silverside, Menidia beryllina, Menidia menidia, and Menidia peninsulae, acute	2006.0. ²⁵
10. Toxicity, chronic, fresh water organisms, NOEC or IC25, percent effluent	Fish, Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, larval survival and growth	1000.0. ²⁶
	Fish, Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, embryo-larval survival and teratogenicity	1001.0. ²⁶
	Water flea, Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia, survival and reproduction	1002.0. ²⁶
	Green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum, growth	1003.0. ²⁶
11. Toxicity, chronic, estuarine and marine organisms of the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, NOEC or IC25, percent effluent	Fish, Sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus, larval survival and growth	1004.0. ²⁷
	Fish, Sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus, embryo-larval survival and teratogenicity	1005.0. ²⁷
	Fish, Inland silverside, Menidia beryllina, larval survival and growth	1006.0. ²⁷
	Mysid, Mysidopsis bahia, survival, growth, and fecundity	1007.0. ²⁷
	Sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, fertilization	1008.0. ²⁷

Table IA notes:

¹ The method must be specified when results are reported.

² A 0.45-µm membrane filter (MF) or other pore size certified by the manufacturer to fully retain organisms to be cultivated and to be free of extractables which could interfere with their growth.

³ Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the Environment, Water and Wastes, EPA/600/8-78/017. 1978. US EPA.

⁴ U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resource Investigations, Book 5, Laboratory Analysis, Chapter A4, Methods for Collection and Analysis of Aquatic Biological and Microbiological Samples. 1989. USGS.

⁵ Because the MF technique usually yields low and variable recovery from chlorinated wastewaters, the Most Probable Number method will be required to resolve any controversies.

⁶ Tests must be conducted to provide organism enumeration (density). Select the appropriate configuration of tubes/filtrations and dilutions/volumes to account for the quality, character, consistency, and anticipated organism density of the water sample.

⁷ When the MF method has been used previously to test waters with high turbidity, large numbers of noncoliform bacteria, or samples that may contain organisms stressed by chlorine, a parallel test should be conducted with a multiple-tube technique to demonstrate applicability and comparability of results.

⁸ To assess the comparability of results obtained with individual methods, it is suggested that side-by-side tests be conducted across seasons of the year with the water samples routinely tested in accordance with the most current Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or EPA alternate test procedure (ATP) guidelines.

⁹ Annual Book of ASTM Standards—Water and Environmental Technology, Section 11.02. 2000, 1999, 1996. ASTM International.

¹⁰ Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 16th Edition, 4th Revision, 1998. AOAC International.

¹¹ Recommended for enumeration of target organism in sewage sludge.

¹² The multiple-tube fermentation test is used in 9221B.2-2014. Lactose broth may be used in lieu of lauryl tryptose broth (LTB), if at least 25 parallel tests are conducted between this broth and LTB using the water samples normally tested, and this comparison demonstrates that the false-positive rate and false-negative rate for total coliform using lactose broth is less than 10 percent. No requirement exists to run the completed phase on 10 percent of all total coliform-positive tubes on a seasonal basis.

¹³ These tests are collectively known as defined enzyme substrate tests.

¹⁴ After prior enrichment in a presumptive medium for total coliform using 9221B.2-2014, all presumptive tubes or bottles showing any amount of gas, growth or acidity within 48 h ± 3 h of incubation shall be submitted to 9221F-2014. Commercially available EC-MUG media or EC media supplemented in the laboratory with 50 µg/mL of MUG may be used.

¹⁵ Method 1680: Fecal Coliforms in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Multiple-Tube Fermentation Using Lauryl-Tryptose Broth (LTB) and EC Medium, EPA-821-R-14-009. September 2014. U.S. EPA.

¹⁶ Samples shall be enumerated by the multiple-tube or multiple-well procedure. Using multiple-tube procedures, employ an appropriate tube and dilution configuration of the sample as needed and report the Most Probable Number (MPN). Samples tested with Colilert® may be enumerated with the multiple-well procedures, Quanti-Tray® or Quanti-Tray®/2000 and the MPN calculated from the table provided by the manufacturer.

¹⁷ Colilert-18® is an optimized formulation of the Colilert® for the determination of total coliforms and E. coli that provides results within 18 h of incubation at 35 °C rather than the 24 h required for the Colilert® test and is recommended for marine water samples.

¹⁸ Descriptions of the Colilert®, Colilert-18®, Quanti-Tray®, and Quanti-Tray®/2000 may be obtained from IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.

¹⁹ A description of the mColiBlue24® test is available from Hach Company.

²⁰ Method 1681: Fecal Coliforms in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Multiple-Tube Fermentation Using A-1 Medium, EPA-821-R-06-013. July 2006. U.S. EPA.

²¹ Method 1603.1: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using Modified membrane-Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar (Modified mTEC), EPA-821-R-23-008. September 2023. U.S. EPA.

²² Method 1682: Salmonella in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Modified Semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) Medium, EPA-821-R-14-012. September 2014. U.S. EPA.

²³ A description of the Enterolert® test may be obtained from IDEXX Laboratories Inc.

²⁴ Method 1600.1: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using Membrane-Enterococcus Indoxyl-β-D-Glucoside Agar (mEI), EPA-821-R-23-006. September 2023. U.S. EPA.

²⁵ Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, EPA-821-R-02-012. Fifth Edition, October 2002. U.S. EPA; and U.S. EPA Whole Effluent Toxicity Methods Errata Sheet, EPA 821-R-02-012-ES. December 2016.

²⁶ Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms, EPA-821-R-02-013. Fourth Edition, October 2002. U.S. EPA; and U.S. EPA Whole Effluent Toxicity Methods Errata Sheet, EPA 821-R-02-012-ES. December 2016.

²⁷ Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Marine and Estuarine Organisms, EPA-821-R-02-014. Third Edition, October 2002. U.S. EPA; and U.S. EPA Whole Effluent Toxicity Methods Errata Sheet, EPA 821-R-02-012-ES. December 2016.

²⁸ To use Colilert-18® to assay for fecal coliforms, the incubation temperature is 44.5 ± 0.2 °C, and a water bath incubator is used.

²⁹ On a monthly basis, at least ten blue colonies from positive samples must be verified using Lauryl Tryptose Broth and EC broth, followed by count adjustment based on these results; and representative non-blue colonies should be verified using Lauryl Tryptose Broth. Where possible, verifications should be done from randomized sample sources.

³⁰ On a monthly basis, at least ten sheen colonies from positive samples must be verified using lauryl tryptose broth and brilliant green lactose bile broth, followed by count adjustment based on these results; and representative non-sheen colonies should be verified using lauryl tryptose broth. Where possible, verifications should be done from randomized sample sources.

³¹ Subject coliform positive samples determined by 9222 B-2015 or other membrane filter procedure to 9222 I-2015 using NA-MUG media.

³² Verification of colonies by incubation of BHI agar at 10 ± 0.5 °C for 48 ± 3 h is optional. As per the Errata to the 23rd Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater “Growth on a BHI agar plate incubated at 10 ± 0.5 °C for 48 ± 3 h is further verification that the colony belongs to the genus Enterococcus.”

³³ 9221F. 2-2014 allows for simultaneous detection of E. coli and thermotolerant fecal coliforms by adding inverted vials to EC-MUG; the inverted vials collect gas produced by thermotolerant fecal coliforms.

Table IB—List of Approved Inorganic Test Procedures

Parameter	Methodology ⁵⁸	EPA ⁵²	Standard methods ⁸⁴	ASTM	USGS/AOAC/Other
1. Acidity (as CaCO3), mg/L	Electrometric endpoint or phenolphthalein endpoint		2310 B-2020	D1067-16	I-1020-85. ²
2. Alkalinity (as CaCO3), mg/L	Electrometric or Colorimetric titration to pH 4.5, Manual		2320 B-2021	D1067-16	973.43 ³, I-1030-85. ²
	Automatic	310.2 (Rev. 1974) ¹			I-2030-85. ²
3. Aluminum—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration ³⁶		3111 D-2019 or 3111 E-2019		I-3051-85. ²
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020.
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES ³⁶	200.5 Rev 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	Direct Current Plasma (DCP) ³⁶			D4190-15	See footnote. ³⁴
	Colorimetric (Eriochrome cyanine R)		3500-Al B-2020.
4. Ammonia (as N), mg/L	Manual distillation ⁶ or gas diffusion (pH > 11), followed by any of the following:	350.1 Rev. 2.0 (1993)	4500-NH3 B-2021		973.49. ³
	Nesslerization			D1426-15 (A)	973.49 ³, I-3520-85. ²
	Titration		4500-NH3 C-2021.
	Electrode		4500-NH3 D-2021 or E-2021	D1426-15 (B)
	Manual phenate, salicylate, or other substituted phenols in Berthelot reaction-based methods		4500-NH3 F-2021		See footnote. ⁶⁰
	Automated phenate, salicylate, or other substituted phenols in Berthelot reaction-based methods	350.1 ³⁰ Rev. 2.0 (1993)	4500-NH3 G-2021, 4500-NH3 H-2021		I-4523-85 ², I-2522-90. ⁸⁰
	Automated electrode				See footnote. ⁷
	Ion Chromatography			D6919-17
	Automated gas diffusion, followed by conductivity cell analysis				Timberline Ammonia-001. ⁷⁴
	Automated gas diffusion followed by fluorescence detector analysis				FIAlab100. ⁸²
5. Antimony—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration ³⁶		3111 B-2019.
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020.
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES ³⁶	200.5 Rev 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20.
	ICP/MS	200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4472-97. ⁸¹
6. Arsenic—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:	206.5 (Issued 1978). ¹
	AA gaseous hydride		3114 B-2020 or 3114 C-2020	D2972-15 (B)	I-3062-85. ²
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020	D2972-15 (C)	I-4063-98. ⁴⁹
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES ³⁶	200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20.
	ICP/MS	200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4020-05. ⁷⁰
	Colorimetric (SDDC)		3500-As B-2020	D2972-15 (A)	I-3060-85. ²
7. Barium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration ³⁶		3111 D-2019		I-3084-85. ²
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020	D4382-18.
	ICP/AES ³⁶	200.5, Rev 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020		I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	DCP ³⁶				See footnote. ³⁴
8. Beryllium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 D-2019 or 3111 E-2019	D3645-15 (A)	I-3095-85. ²
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020	D3645-15 (B).
	STGFAA	200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES	200.5 Rev 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	DCP			D4190-15	See footnote. ³⁴
	Colorimetric (aluminon)		See footnote ⁶¹
9. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), mg/L	Dissolved Oxygen Depletion		5210 B-2016 ⁸⁵		973.44 ³ p. 17 ⁹, I-1578-78 ⁸, see footnote. ¹⁰ ⁶³
10. Boron—Total, ³⁷ mg/L	Colorimetric (curcumin)		4500-B B-2011		I-3112-85. ²
	ICP/AES	200.5 Rev 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14. ³
	DCP			D4190-15	See footnote. ³⁴
11. Bromide, mg/L	Electrode			D1246-16	I-1125-85. ²
	Ion Chromatography	300.0 Rev 2.1 (1993), and 300.1 Rev 1.0 (1997)	4110 B-2020, C-2020 or D-2020	D4327-17	993.30 ³, I-2057-85. ⁷⁹
	CIE/UV		4140 B-2020	D6508-15	D6508 Rev. 2. ⁵⁴
12. Cadmium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration ³⁶		3111 B-2019 or 3111 C-2019	D3557-17 (A or B)	974.27 ³ p. 37 ⁹, I-3135-85 ² or I-3136-85. ²
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020	D3557-17 (D)	I-4138-89. ⁵¹
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994)
	ICP/AES ³⁶	200.5 Rev 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-1472-85 ² or I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	DCP ³⁶			D4190-15	See footnote. ³⁴
	Voltammetry ¹¹			D3557-17 (C).
	Colorimetric (Dithizone)		3500-Cd D-1990.
13. Calcium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 B-2019 or 3111 D-2019	D511-14 (B)	I-3152-85. ²
	ICP/AES	200.5 Rev 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020		I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14. ³
	DCP				See footnote. ³⁴
	Titrimetric (EDTA)		3500-Ca B-2020	D511-14 (A).
	Ion Chromatography			D6919-17.
14. Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD5), mg/L ¹²	Dissolved Oxygen Depletion with nitrification inhibitor		5210 B-2016 ⁸⁵		See footnotes. ^{35 63}
15. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), mg/L	Titrimetric	410.3 (Rev. 1978) ¹	5220 B-2011 or C-2011	D1252-06(12) (A)	973.46 ³ p. 17 ⁹, I-3560-85. ²
	Spectrophotometric, manual or automatic	410.4 Rev. 2.0 (1993)	5220 D-2011	D1252-06(12) (B)	See footnotes ¹³ ¹⁴ ⁸³, I-3561-85. ²
16. Chloride, mg/L	Titrimetric: (silver nitrate)		4500-Cl− B-2021	D512-12 (B)	I-1183-85. ²
	(Mercuric nitrate)		4500-Cl− C-2021	D512-12 (A)	973.51 ³, I-1184-85. ²
	Colorimetric: manual				I-1187-85. ²
	Automated (ferricyanide)		4500-Cl− E-2021		I-2187-85. ²
	Potentiometric Titration		4500-Cl− D-2021.
	Ion Selective Electrode			D512-12 (C).
	Ion Chromatography	300.0 Rev 2.1 (1993), and 300.1 Rev 1.0 (1997)	4110 B-2020 or 4110 C-2020	D4327-17	993.30 ³, I-2057-90. ⁵¹
	CIE/UV		4140 B-2020	D6508-15	D6508, Rev. 2. ⁵⁴
17. Chlorine—Total residual, mg/L	Amperometric direct		4500-Cl D-2011	D1253-14.
	Amperometric direct (low level)		4500-Cl E-2011.
	Iodometric direct		4500-Cl B-2011.
	Back titration ether end-point ¹⁵		4500-Cl C-2011.
	DPD-FAS		4500-Cl F-2011.
	Spectrophotometric, DPD		4500-Cl G-2011.
	Electrode				See footnote. ¹⁶
17A. Chlorine—Free Available, mg/L	Amperometric direct		4500-Cl D-2011	D1253-14
	Amperometric direct (low level)		4500-Cl E-2011.
	DPD-FAS		4500-Cl F-2011.
	Spectrophotometric, DPD		4500-Cl G-2011.
18. Chromium VI dissolved, mg/L	0.45-micron filtration followed by any of the following:
	AA chelation-extraction		3111 C-2019		I-1232-85. ²
	Ion Chromatography	218.6 Rev. 3.3 (1994)	3500-Cr C-2020	D5257-17	993.23. ³
	Colorimetric (diphenyl-carbazide)		3500-Cr B-2020	D1687-17 (A)	I-1230-85. ²
19. Chromium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration ³⁶		3111 B-2019	D1687-17 (B)	974.27 ³, I-3236-85. ²
	AA chelation-extraction		3111 C-2019.
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020	D1687-17 (C)	I-3233-93. ⁴⁶
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES ³⁶	200.5 Rev 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20.
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4020-05 ⁷⁰ I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	DCP ³⁶			D4190-15	See footnote. ³⁴
	Colorimetric (diphenyl-carbazide)		3500-Cr B-2020.
20. Cobalt—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 B-2019 or 3111 C-2019	D3558-15 (A or B)	p. 37 ⁹, I-323985. ²
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020	D3558-15 (C)	I-4243-89. ⁵¹
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES	200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4020-05 ⁷⁰ I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	DCP			D4190-15	See footnote. ³⁴
21. Color, platinum cobalt units or dominant wavelength, hue, luminance purity	Colorimetric (ADMI)		2120 F-2021. ⁷⁸
	Platinum cobalt visual comparison		2120 B-2021		I-1250-85. ²
	Spectrophotometric				See footnote. ¹⁸
22. Copper—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration ³⁶		3111 B-2019 or 3111 C-2019	D1688-17 (A or B)	974.27 ³ p. 37 ⁹, I-3270-85 ² or I-3271-85. ²
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020	D1688-17 (C)	I-4274-89. ⁵¹
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES ³⁶	200.5 Rev 4.2 (2003), ⁶⁸ 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4020-05 ⁷⁰, I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	DCP ³⁶			D4190-15	See footnote. ³⁴
	Colorimetric (Neocuproine)		3500-Cu B-2020.
	Colorimetric (Bathocuproine)		3500-Cu C-2020		See footnote. ¹⁹
23. Cyanide—Total, mg/L	Automated UV digestion/distillation and Colorimetry				Kelada-01. ⁵⁵
	Segmented Flow Injection, In-Line Ultraviolet Digestion, followed by gas diffusion amperometry		4500-CN− P-2021	D7511-12 (17).
	Manual distillation with MgCl2, followed by any of the following:	335.4 Rev. 1.0 (1993) ⁵⁷	4500-CN− B-2021 and C-2021	D2036-09(15)(A), D7284-20	10-204-00-1-X. ⁵⁶
	Flow Injection, gas diffusion amperometry			D2036-09(15)(A) D7284-20.
	Titrimetric		4500-CN− D-2021	D2036-09(15)(A)	See footnote ⁹ p. 22.
	Spectrophotometric, manual		4500-CN− E-2021	D2036-09(15)(A)	I-3300-85. ²
	Semi-Automated ²⁰	335.4 Rev. 1.0 (1993) ⁵⁷	4500-CN− N-2021		10-204-00-1-X ⁵⁶, I-4302-85. ²
	Ion Chromatography			D2036-09(15)(A).
	Ion Selective Electrode		4500-CN− F-2021	D2036-09(15)(A).
24. Cyanide—Available, mg/L	Cyanide Amenable to Chlorination (CATC); Manual distillation with MgCl2, followed by Titrimetric or Spectrophotometric		4500-CN− G-2021	D2036-09(15)(B).
	Flow injection and ligand exchange, followed by gas diffusion amperometry ⁵⁹		4500-CN− Q-2021	D6888-16	OIA-1677-09. ⁴⁴
	Automated Distillation and Colorimetry (no UV digestion)				Kelada-01. ⁵⁵
24A. Cyanide—Free, mg/L	Flow Injection, followed by gas diffusion amperometry		4500-CN− R-2021	D7237-18 (A)	OIA-1677-09. ⁴⁴
	Manual micro-diffusion and colorimetry			D4282-15.
25. Fluoride—Total, mg/L	Manual distillation, ⁶ followed by any of the following:		4500-F− B-2021	D1179-16 (A).
	Electrode, manual		4500-F− C-2021	D1179-16 (B).
	Electrode, automated		4500-F− G-2021		I-4327-85. ²
	Colorimetric, (SPADNS)		4500-F− D-2021.
	Automated complexone		4500-F− E-2021.
	Ion Chromatography	300.0 Rev 2.1 (1993) and 300.1 Rev 1.0 (1997)	4110 B-2020 or C-2020	D4327-17	993.30. ³
	CIE/UV		4140 B-2020	D6508-15	D6508, Rev. 2. ⁵⁴
26. Gold—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 B-2019.
	AA furnace	231.2 (Issued 1978) ¹	3113 B-2020.
	ICP/MS	200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14. ³
	DCP				See footnote. ³⁴
27. Hardness—Total (as CaCO(3), mg/L	Automated colorimetric	130.1 (Issued 1971). ¹
	Titrimetric (EDTA)		2340 C-2021	D1126-17	973.52B ³, I-1338-85. ²
	Ca plus Mg as their carbonates, by any approved method for Ca and Mg (See Parameters 13 and 33), provided that the sum of the lowest point of quantitation for Ca and Mg is below the NPDES permit requirement for Hardness.		2340 B-2021.
28. Hydrogen ion (pH), pH units	Electrometric measurement		4500-H ⁺ B-2021	D1293-18 (A or B)	973.41 ³, I-1586-85. ²
	Automated electrode	150.2 (Dec. 1982) ¹			See footnote ²¹ I-2587-85. ²
29. Iridium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 B-2019.
	AA furnace	235.2 (Issued 1978). ¹
	ICP/MS		3125 B-2020.
30. Iron—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration ³⁶		3111 B-2019 or 3111 C-2019	D1068-15 (A)	974.27 ³, I-3381-85. ²
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020	D1068-15 (B).
	STGFAA	200.9, Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES ³⁶	200.5 Rev. 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14. ³
	DCP ³⁶			D4190-15	See footnote. ³⁴
	Colorimetric (Phenanthroline)		3500-Fe B-2011	D1068-15 (C)	See footnote. ²²
31. Kjeldahl Nitrogen ⁵—Total (as N), mg/L	Manual digestion ²⁰ and distillation or gas diffusion, followed by any of the following:		4500-Norg B-2021 or C-2021 and 4500-NH3 B-2021	D3590-17 (A)	I-4515-91. ⁴⁵
	Titration		4500-NH3 C-2021		973.48. ³
	Nesslerization			D1426-15 (A).
	Electrode		4500-NH3 D-2021 or E-2021	D1426-15 (B).
	Semi-automated phenate	350.1 Rev. 2.0 (1993)	4500-NH3 G-2021 or 4500-NH3 H-2021.
	Manual phenate, salicylate, or other substituted phenols in Berthelot reaction based methods		4500-NH3 F-2021		See footnote. ⁶⁰
	Automated gas diffusion, followed by conductivity cell analysis				Timberline Ammonia-001. ⁷⁴
	Automated gas diffusion followed by fluorescence detector analysis				FIAlab 100. ⁸²
						Automated Methods for TKN that do not require manual distillation
		Automated phenate, salicylate, or other substituted phenols in Berthelot reaction-based methods colorimetric (auto digestion and distillation)	351.1 (Rev. 1978) ¹			I-4551-78. ⁸
	Semi-automated block digestor colorimetric (distillation not required)	351.2 Rev. 2.0 (1993)	4500-Norg D-2021	D3590-17 (B)	I-4515-91. ⁴⁵
	Block digester, followed by Auto distillation and Titration				See footnote. ³⁹
	Block digester, followed by Auto distillation and Nesslerization				See footnote. ⁴⁰
	Block Digester, followed by Flow injection gas diffusion (distillation not required)				See footnote. ⁴¹
	Digestion with peroxdisulfate, followed by Spectrophotometric (2,6-dimethyl phenol)				Hach 10242. ⁷⁶
	Digestion with persulfate, followed by Colorimetric				NCASI TNTP W10900. ⁷⁷
32. Lead—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration ³⁶		3111 B-2019 or 3111 C-2019	D3559-15 (A or B)	974.27 ³, I-3399-85. ²
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020	D3559-15 (D)	I-4403-89. ⁵¹
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES ³⁶	200.5 Rev. 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	DCP ³⁶			D4190-15	See footnote. ³⁴
	Voltammetry ¹¹			D3559-15 (C).
	Colorimetric (Dithizone)		3500-Pb B-2020.
33. Magnesium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 B-2019	D511-14 (B)	974.27 ³, I-3447-85. ²
	ICP/AES	200.5 Rev. 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14. ³
	DCP				See footnote. ³⁴
	Ion Chromatography			D6919-17.
34. Manganese—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration ³⁶		3111 B-2019 or 3111 C-2019	D858-17 (A or B)	974.27 ³, I-3454-85. ²
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020	D858-17 (C).
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES ³⁶	200.5, Rev. 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸; 200.7, Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	DCP ³⁶			D4190-15	See footnote. ³⁴
	Colorimetric (Persulfate)		3500-Mn B-2020		920.203. ³
	Colorimetric (Periodate)				See footnote. ²³
35. Mercury—Total, mg/L	Cold vapor, Manual	245.1 Rev. 3.0 (1994)	3112 B-2020	D3223-17	977.22 ³, I-3462-85. ²
	Cold vapor, Automated	245.2 (Issued 1974). ¹
	Cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS)	245.7 Rev. 2.0 (2005) ¹⁷			I-4464-01. ⁷¹
	Purge and Trap CVAFS	1631E. ⁴³
36. Molybdenum—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 D-2019		I-3490-85. ²
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020		I-3492-96. ⁴⁷
	ICP/AES	200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	DCP				See footnote. ³⁴
37. Nickel—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration ³⁶		3111 B-2019 or 3111 C-2019	D1886-14 (A or B)	I-3499-85. ²
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020	D1886-14 (C)	I-4503-89. ⁵¹
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES ³⁶	200.5 Rev. 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4020-05 ⁷⁰, I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	DCP ³⁶			D4190-15	See footnote. ³⁴
38. Nitrate (as N), mg/L	Ion Chromatography	300.0 Rev. 2.1 (1993) and 300.1 Rev. 1.0 (1997)	4110 B-2020 or C-2020	D4327-17	993.30. ³
	CIE/UV		4140 B-2020	D6508-15	D6508, Rev. 2. ⁵⁴
	Ion Selective Electrode		4500-NO3− D-2019.
	Colorimetric (Brucine sulfate)	352.1 (Issued 1971) ¹			973.50 ³, 419D ⁸⁶, p. 28. ⁹
	Spectrophotometric (2,6-dimethylphenol)				Hach 10206. ⁷⁵
	Nitrate-nitrite N minus Nitrite N (see parameters 39 and 40).
39. Nitrate-nitrite (as N), mg/L	Cadmium reduction, Manual		4500-NO3− E-2019	D3867-16 (B).
	Cadmium reduction, Automated	353.2 Rev. 2.0 (1993)	4500-NO3− F-2019 or 4500-NO3− I-2019	D3867-16 (A)	I-2545-90. ⁵¹
	Automated hydrazine		4500-NO3− H-2019.
	Reduction/Colorimetric				See footnote. ⁶²
	Ion Chromatography	300.0 Rev. 2.1 (1993) and 300.1 Rev. 1.0 (1997)	4110 B-2020 or C-2020	D4327-17	993.30. ³
	CIE/UV		4140 B-2020	D6508-15	D6508, Rev. 2. ⁵⁴
	Enzymatic reduction, followed by automated colorimetric determination			D7781-14	I-2547-11 ⁷², I-2548-11 ⁷², N07-0003. ⁷³
	Enzymatic reduction, followed by manual colorimetric determination		4500-NO3− J-2018.
	Spectrophotometric (2,6-dimethylphenol)				Hach 10206. ⁷⁵
40. Nitrite (as N), mg/L	Spectrophotometric: Manual		4500-NO2− B-2021		See footnote. ²⁵
	Automated (Diazotization)				I-4540-85 ² see footnote ⁶², I-2540-90. ⁸⁰
	Automated (*bypass cadmium reduction)	353.2 Rev. 2.0 (1993)	4500-NO3− F-2019, 4500-NO3− I-2019	D3867-16 (A)	I-4545-85. ²
	Manual (*bypass cadmium or enzymatic reduction)		4500-NO3− E-2019, 4500-NO3− J-2018	D3867-16 (B).
	Ion Chromatography	300.0 Rev. 2.1 (1993) and 300.1 Rev. 1.0 (1997)	4110 B-2020 or C-2020	D4327-17	993.30. ³
	CIE/UV		4140 B-2020	D6508-15	D6508, Rev. 2. ⁵⁴
	Automated (*bypass Enzymatic reduction)			D7781-14	I-2547-11 ⁷², I-2548-11 ⁷², N07-0003. ⁷³
41. Oil and grease—Total recoverable, mg/L	Hexane extractable material (HEM): n-Hexane extraction and gravimetry	1664 Rev. A 1664 Rev. B ⁴²	5520 B or G-2021. ³⁸
	Silica gel treated HEM (SGT-HEM): Silica gel treatment and gravimetry	1664 Rev. A, 1664 Rev. B ⁴²	5520 B or G-2021 ³⁸ and 5520 F-2021. ³⁸
42. Organic carbon—Total (TOC), mg/L	Combustion		5310 B-2014	D7573-18a ^e1	973.47 ³, p. 14 ²⁴
	Heated persulfate or UV persulfate oxidation		5310 C-2014, 5310 D-2011	D4839-03(17)	973.47 ³, p. 14 ²⁴
43. Organic nitrogen (as N), mg/L	Total Kjeldahl N (Parameter 31) minus ammonia N (Parameter 4).
44. Ortho-phosphate (as P), mg/L	Ascorbic acid method:
	Automated	365.1 Rev. 2.0 (1993)	4500-P F-2021 or G-2021		973.56 ³, I-4601-85 ², I-2601-90. ⁸⁰
	Manual, single-reagent		4500-P E-2021	D515-88 (A)	973.55. ³
	Manual, two-reagent	365.3 (Issued 1978). ¹
	Ion Chromatography	300.0 Rev. 2.1 (1993) and 300.1 Rev. 1.0 (1997)	4110 B-2020 or C-2020	D4327-17	993.30. ³
	CIE/UV		4140 B-2020	D6508-15	D6508, Rev. 2. ⁵⁴
45. Osmium—Total ⁴, mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 D-2019.
	AA furnace	252.2 (Issued 1978). ¹
46. Oxygen, dissolved, mg/L	Winkler (Azide modification)		4500-O (B-F)-2021	D888-18 (A)	973.45B ³, I-1575-78. ⁸
	Electrode		4500-O G-2021	D888-18 (B)	I-1576-78. ⁸
	Luminescence-Based Sensor		4500-O H-2021	D888-18 (C)	See footnotes. 63, 64
47. Palladium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 B-2019.
	AA furnace	253.2 (Issued 1978). ¹
	ICP/MS		3125 B-2020.
	DCP				See footnote. ³⁴
48. Phenols, mg/L	Manual distillation, ²⁶ followed by any of the following:	420.1 (Rev. 1978) ¹	5530 B-2021	D1783-01(12)
	Colorimetric (4AAP) manual	420.1 (Rev. 1978) ¹	5530 D-2021 ²⁷	D1783-01(12) (A or B).
	Automated colorimetric (4AAP)	420.4 Rev. 1.0 (1993).
49. Phosphorus (elemental), mg/L	Gas-liquid chromatography				See footnote. ²⁸
50. Phosphorus—Total, mg/L	Digestion, ²⁰ followed by any of the following:		4500-P B (5)-2021		973.55. ³
	Manual	365.3 (Issued 1978) ¹	4500-P E-2021	D515-88 (A).
	Automated ascorbic acid reduction	365.1 Rev. 2.0 (1993)	4500-P (F-H)-2021		973.56 ³, I-4600-85. ²
	ICP/AES ⁴ ³⁶	200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020		I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	Semi-automated block digestor (TKP digestion)	365.4 (Issued 1974) ¹		D515-88 (B)	I-4610-91. ⁴⁸
	Digestion with persulfate, followed by Colorimetric				NCASI TNTP W10900. ⁷⁷
51. Platinum—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 B-2019.
	AA furnace	255.2 (Issued 1978). ¹
	ICP/MS		3125 B-2020.
	DCP				See footnote. ³⁴
52. Potassium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 B-2019		973.5 ³, I-3630-85. ²
	ICP/AES	200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020.
	ICP/MS	200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14. ³
	Flame photometric		3500-K B-2020.
	Electrode		3500-K C-2020.
	Ion Chromatography			D6919-17.
53. Residue—Total, mg/L	Gravimetric, 103-105°		2540 B-2020		I-3750-85. ²
54. Residue—filterable, mg/L	Gravimetric, 180°		2540 C-2020	D5907-18 (B)	I-1750-85. ²
55. Residue—non-filterable (TSS), mg/L	Gravimetric, 103-105° post-washing of residue		2540 D-2020	D5907-18 (A)	I-3765-85. ²
56. Residue—settleable, mg/L	Volumetric (Imhoff cone), or gravimetric		2540 F-2020.
57. Residue—Volatile, mg/L	Gravimetric, 550°	160.4 (Issued 1971) ¹	2540 E-2020		I-3753-85. ²
58. Rhodium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration, or		3111 B-2019.
	AA furnace	265.2 (Issued 1978). ¹
	ICP/MS		3125 B-2020.
59. Ruthenium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration, or		3111 B-2019.
	AA furnace	267.2. ¹
	ICP/MS		3125 B-2020.
60. Selenium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020	D3859-15 (B)	I-4668-98. ⁴⁹
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES ³⁶	200.5 Rev 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20.
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4020-05 ⁷⁰ I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	AA gaseous hydride		3114 B-2020, or 3114 C-2020	D3859-15 (A)	I-3667-85. ²
61. Silica—Dissolved, ³⁷ mg/L	0.45-micron filtration followed by any of the following:
	Colorimetric, Manual		4500-SiO2 C-2021	D859-16	I-1700-85. ²
	Automated (Molybdosilicate)		4500-SiO2 E-2021 or F-2021		I-2700-85. ²
	ICP/AES	200.5 Rev. 4.2 (2003), ⁶⁸ 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020		I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14. ³
62. Silver—Total, ^{4 31} mg/L	Digestion, ^{4 29} followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 B-2019 or 3111 C-2019		974.27 ³, p. 37 ⁹, I-3720-85. ²
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020		I-4724-89. ⁵¹
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES	200.5 Rev. 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	DCP				See footnote. ³⁴
63. Sodium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 B-2019		973.54 ³, I-3735-85. ²
	ICP/AES	200.5 Rev. 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020		I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14. ³
	DCP				See footnote. ³⁴
	Flame photometric		3500-Na B-2020.
	Ion Chromatography			D6919-17.
64. Specific conductance, micromhos/cm at 25 °C	Wheatstone bridge	120.1 (Rev. 1982) ¹	2510 B-2021	D1125-95(99) (A)	973.40 ³, I-2781-85. ²
65. Sulfate (as SO4), mg/L	Automated colorimetric	375.2 Rev. 2.0 (1993)	4500-SO4 ²− F-2021 or G-2021.
	Gravimetric		4500-SO4 ²− C-2021 or D-2021		925.54. ³
	Turbidimetric		4500-SO4 ²− E-2021	D516-16.
	Ion Chromatography	300.0 Rev. 2.1 (1993) and 300.1 Rev. 1.0 (1997)	4110 B-2020 or C-2020	D4327-17	993.30 ³, I-4020-05. ⁷⁰
	CIE/UV		4140 B-2020	D6508-15	D6508 Rev. 2. ⁵⁴
66. Sulfide (as S), mg/L	Sample Pretreatment		4500-S ²− B, C-2021.
	Titrimetric (iodine)		4500-S ²− F-2021		I-3840-85. ²
	Colorimetric (methylene blue)		4500-S ²− D-2021.
	Ion Selective Electrode		4500-S ²− G-2021	D4658-15.
67. Sulfite (as SO3), mg/L	Titrimetric (iodine-iodate)		4500-SO3 ²− B-2021.
68. Surfactants, mg/L	Colorimetric (methylene blue)		5540 C-2021	D2330-20.
69. Temperature, °C	Thermometric		2550 B-2010		See footnote. ³²
70. Thallium-Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 B-2019.
	AA furnace	279.2 (Issued 1978) ¹	3113 B-2020.
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES	200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20.
	ICP/MS	200.8, Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4471-97 ⁵⁰ I-4472-97. ⁸¹
71. Tin—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 B-2019		I-3850-78. ⁸
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020.
	STGFAA	200.9 Rev. 2.2 (1994).
	ICP/AES	200.5 Rev. 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994).
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14. ³
72. Titanium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 D-2019.
	AA furnace	283.2 (Issued 1978). ¹
	ICP/AES	200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994).
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14. ³
	DCP				See footnote. ³⁴
73. Turbidity, NTU ⁵³	Nephelometric	180.1, Rev. 2.0 (1993)	2130 B-2020	D1889-00	I-3860-85 ², see footnotes. ⁶⁵ ⁶⁶ ⁶⁷
74. Vanadium—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration		3111 D-2019.
	AA furnace		3113 B-2020	D3373-17.
	ICP/AES	200.5 Rev. 4.2 (2003) ⁶⁸, 200.7 Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4020-05. ⁷⁰
	DCP			D4190-15	See footnote. ³⁴
	Colorimetric (Gallic Acid)		3500-V B-2011.
75. Zinc—Total, ⁴ mg/L	Digestion, ⁴ followed by any of the following:
	AA direct aspiration ³⁶		3111 B-2019 or 3111 C-2019	D1691-17 (A or B)	974.27 ³ p. 37 ⁹, I-3900-85. ²
	AA furnace	289.2 (Issued 1978). ¹
	ICP/AES ³⁶	200.5 Rev. 4.2 (2003), ⁶⁸ 200.7, Rev. 4.4 (1994)	3120 B-2020	D1976-20	I-4471-97. ⁵⁰
	ICP/MS	200.8 Rev. 5.4 (1994)	3125 B-2020	D5673-16	993.14 ³, I-4020-05 ⁷⁰, I-4472-97. ⁸¹
	DCP ³⁶			D4190-15	See footnote. ³⁴
	Colorimetric (Zincon)		3500 Zn B-2020		See footnote. ³³
76. Acid Mine Drainage		1627. ⁶⁹

Table IB Notes:

¹ Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA-600/4-79-020. Revised March 1983 and 1979, where applicable. U.S. EPA.

² Methods for Analysis of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Techniques of Water-Resource Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A1., unless otherwise stated. 1989. USGS.

³ Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Methods Manual, Sixteenth Edition, 4th Revision, 1998. AOAC International.

⁴ For the determination of total metals (which are equivalent to total recoverable metals) the sample is not filtered before processing. A digestion procedure is required to solubilize analytes in suspended material and to break down organic-metal complexes (to convert the analyte to a detectable form for colorimetric analysis). For non-platform graphite furnace atomic absorption determinations, a digestion using nitric acid (as specified in Section 4.1.3 of Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes) is required prior to analysis. The procedure used should subject the sample to gentle acid refluxing, and at no time should the sample be taken to dryness. For direct aspiration flame atomic absorption (FLAA) determinations, a combination acid (nitric and hydrochloric acids) digestion is preferred, prior to analysis. The approved total recoverable digestion is described as Method 200.2 in Supplement I of “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples” EPA/600R-94/111, May 1994, and is reproduced in EPA Methods 200.7, 200.8, and 200.9 from the same Supplement. However, when using the gaseous hydride technique or for the determination of certain elements such as antimony, arsenic, selenium, silver, and tin by non-EPA graphite furnace atomic absorption methods, mercury by cold vapor atomic absorption, the noble metals and titanium by FLAA, a specific or modified sample digestion procedure may be required, and, in all cases the referenced method write-up should be consulted for specific instruction and/or cautions. For analyses using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), the direct current plasma (DCP) technique or EPA spectrochemical techniques (platform furnace AA, ICP-AES, and ICP-MS), use EPA Method 200.2 or an approved alternate procedure (e.g., CEM microwave digestion, which may be used with certain analytes as indicated in this table IB); the total recoverable digestion procedures in EPA Methods 200.7, 200.8, and 200.9 may be used for those respective methods. Regardless of the digestion procedure, the results of the analysis after digestion procedure are reported as “total” metals.

⁵ Copper sulfate or other catalysts that have been found suitable may be used in place of mercuric sulfate.

⁶ Manual distillation is not required if comparability data on representative effluent samples are on file to show that this preliminary distillation step is not necessary; however, manual distillation will be required to resolve any controversies. In general, the analytical method should be consulted regarding the need for distillation. If the method is not clear, the laboratory may compare a minimum of 9 different sample matrices to evaluate the need for distillation. For each matrix, a matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate are analyzed both with and without the distillation step (for a total of 36 samples, assuming 9 matrices). If results are comparable, the laboratory may dispense with the distillation step for future analysis. Comparable is defined as

⁷ Industrial Method Number 379-75 WE Ammonia, Automated Electrode Method, Technicon Auto Analyzer II. February 19, 1976. Bran & Luebbe Analyzing Technologies Inc.

⁸ The approved method is that cited in Methods for Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A1. 1979. USGS.

⁹ American National Standard on Photographic Processing Effluents. April 2, 1975. American National Standards Institute.

¹⁰ In-Situ Method 1003-8-2009, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Measurement by Optical Probe. 2009. In-Situ Incorporated.

¹¹ The use of normal and differential pulse voltage ramps to increase sensitivity and resolution is acceptable.

¹² Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD5) must not be confused with the traditional BOD5 test method which measures “total 5-day BOD.” The addition of the nitrification inhibitor is not a procedural option but must be included to report the CBOD5 parameter. A discharger whose permit requires reporting the traditional BOD5 may not use a nitrification inhibitor in the procedure for reporting the results. Only when a discharger’s permit specifically states CBOD5 is required can the permittee report data using a nitrification inhibitor.

¹³ OIC Chemical Oxygen Demand Method. 1978. Oceanography International Corporation.

¹⁴ Method 8000, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Hach Handbook of Water Analysis, 1979. Hach Company.

¹⁵ The back-titration method will be used to resolve controversy.

¹⁶ Orion Research Instruction Manual, Residual Chlorine Electrode Model 97-70. 1977. Orion Research Incorporated. The calibration graph for the Orion residual chlorine method must be derived using a reagent blank and three standard solutions, containing 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mL 0.00281 N potassium iodate/100 mL solution, respectively.

¹⁷ Method 245.7, Mercury in Water by Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry, EPA-821-R-05-001. Revision 2.0, February 2005. US EPA.

¹⁸ National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI) Technical Bulletin 253 (1971) and Technical Bulletin 803, May 2000.

¹⁹ Method 8506, Bicinchoninate Method for Copper, Hach Handbook of Water Analysis. 1979. Hach Company.

²⁰ When using a method with block digestion, this treatment is not required.

²¹ Industrial Method Number 378-75WA, Hydrogen ion (pH) Automated Electrode Method, Bran & Luebbe (Technicon) Autoanalyzer II. October 1976. Bran & Luebbe Analyzing Technologies.

²² Method 8008, 1,10-Phenanthroline Method using FerroVer Iron Reagent for Water. 1980. Hach Company.

²³ Method 8034, Periodate Oxidation Method for Manganese, Hach Handbook of Wastewater Analysis. 1979. Hach Company.

²⁴ Methods for Analysis of Organic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A3, (1972 Revised 1987). 1987. USGS.

²⁵ Method 8507, Nitrogen, Nitrite-Low Range, Diazotization Method for Water and Wastewater. 1979. Hach Company.

²⁶ Just prior to distillation, adjust the sulfuric-acid-preserved sample to pH 4 with 1 + 9 NaOH.

²⁷ The colorimetric reaction must be conducted at a pH of 10.0 ± 0.2.

²⁸ Addison, R.F., and R.G. Ackman. 1970. Direct Determination of Elemental Phosphorus by Gas-Liquid Chromatography, Journal of Chromatography, 47(3):421-426.

²⁹ Approved methods for the analysis of silver in industrial wastewaters at concentrations of 1 mg/L and above are inadequate where silver exists as an inorganic halide. Silver halides such as the bromide and chloride are relatively insoluble in reagents such as nitric acid but are readily soluble in an aqueous buffer of sodium thiosulfate and sodium hydroxide to pH of 12. Therefore, for levels of silver above 1 mg/L, 20 mL of sample should be diluted to 100 mL by adding 40 mL each of 2 M Na2S2O3 and NaOH. Standards should be prepared in the same manner. For levels of silver below 1 mg/L the approved method is satisfactory.

³⁰ The use of EDTA decreases method sensitivity. Analysts may omit EDTA or replace with another suitable complexing reagent provided that all method-specified quality control acceptance criteria are met.

³¹ For samples known or suspected to contain high levels of silver (e.g., in excess of 4 mg/L), cyanogen iodide should be used to keep the silver in solution for analysis. Prepare a cyanogen iodide solution by adding 4.0 mL of concentrated NH4OH, 6.5 g of KCN, and 5.0 mL of a 1.0 N solution of I2 to 50 mL of reagent water in a volumetric flask and dilute to 100.0 mL. After digestion of the sample, adjust the pH of the digestate to 7 with NH4OH. Add 1 mL of the cyanogen iodide solution and let stand 1 hour. Transfer to a 100-mL volumetric flask and dilute to volume with water.

³² “Water Temperature-Influential Factors, Field Measurement and Data Presentation,” Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 1, Chapter D1. 1975. USGS.

³³ Method 8009, Zincon Method for Zinc, Hach Handbook of Water Analysis, 1979. Hach Company.

³⁴ Method AES0029, Direct Current Plasma (DCP) Optical Emission Spectrometric Method for Trace Elemental Analysis of Water and Wastes. 1986—Revised 1991. Thermo Jarrell Ash Corporation.

³⁵ In-Situ Method 1004-8-2009, Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD) Measurement by Optical Probe. 2009. In-Situ Incorporated.

³⁶ Microwave-assisted digestion may be employed for this metal, when analyzed by this methodology. Closed Vessel Microwave Digestion of Wastewater Samples for Determination of Metals. April 16, 1992. CEM Corporation.

³⁷ When determining boron and silica, only plastic, PTFE, or quartz laboratory ware may be used from start until completion of analysis.

³⁸ Only use n-hexane (n-Hexane—85% minimum purity, 99.0% min. saturated C6 isomers, residue less than 1 mg/L) extraction solvent when determining Oil and Grease parameters—Hexane Extractable Material (HEM), or Silica Gel Treated HEM (analogous to EPA Methods 1664 Rev. A and 1664 Rev. B). Use of other extraction solvents is prohibited.

³⁹ Method PAI-DK01, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion, Steam Distillation, Titrimetric Detection. Revised December 22, 1994. OI Analytical.

⁴⁰ Method PAI-DK02, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion, Steam Distillation, Colorimetric Detection. Revised December 22, 1994. OI Analytical.

⁴¹ Method PAI-DK03, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion, Automated FIA Gas Diffusion. Revised December 22, 1994. OI Analytical.

⁴² Method 1664 Rev. B is the revised version of EPA Method 1664 Rev. A. U.S. EPA. February 1999, Revision A. Method 1664, n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry. EPA-821-R-98-002. U.S. EPA. February 2010, Revision B. Method 1664, n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry. EPA-821-R-10-001.

⁴³ Method 1631, Revision E, Mercury in Water by Oxidation, Purge and Trap, and Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry, EPA-821-R-02-019. Revision E. August 2002, U.S. EPA. The application of clean techniques described in EPA’s Method 1669: Sampling Ambient Water for Trace Metals at EPA Water Quality Criteria Levels, EPA-821-R-96-011, are recommended to preclude contamination at low-level, trace metal determinations.

⁴⁴ Method OIA-1677-09, Available Cyanide by Ligand Exchange and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). 2010. OI Analytical.

⁴⁵ Open File Report 00-170, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Ammonium Plus Organic Nitrogen by a Kjeldahl Digestion Method and an Automated Photometric Finish that Includes Digest Cleanup by Gas Diffusion. 2000. USGS.

⁴⁶ Open File Report 93-449, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Chromium in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 1993. USGS.

⁴⁷ Open File Report 97-198, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Molybdenum by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 1997. USGS.

⁴⁸ Open File Report 92-146, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Total Phosphorus by Kjeldahl Digestion Method and an Automated Colorimetric Finish That Includes Dialysis. 1992. USGS.

⁴⁹ Open File Report 98-639, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Arsenic and Selenium in Water and Sediment by Graphite Furnace-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. 1999. USGS.

⁵⁰ Open File Report 98-165, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Elements in Whole-water Digests Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. 1998. USGS.

⁵¹ Open File Report 93-125, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments. 1993. USGS.

⁵² Unless otherwise indicated, all EPA methods, excluding EPA Method 300.1, are published in U.S. EPA. May 1994. Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples, Supplement I, EPA/600/R-94/111; or U.S. EPA. August 1993. Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples, EPA/600/R-93/100. EPA Method 300.1 is U.S. EPA. Revision 1.0, 1997, including errata cover sheet April 27, 1999. Determination of Inorganic Ions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography.

⁵³ Styrene divinyl benzene beads (e.g., AMCO-AEPA-1 or equivalent) and stabilized formazin (e.g., Hach StablCal
^TM or equivalent) are acceptable substitutes for formazin.

⁵⁴ Waters Corp. Now included in ASTM D6508-15, Test Method for Determination of Dissolved Inorganic Anions in Aqueous Matrices Using Capillary Ion Electrophoresis and Chromate Electrolyte. 2015.

⁵⁵ Kelada-01, Kelada Automated Test Methods for Total Cyanide, Acid Dissociable Cyanide, and Thiocyanate, EPA 821-B-01-009, Revision 1.2, August 2001. US EPA. Note: A 450-W UV lamp may be used in this method instead of the 550-W lamp specified if it provides performance within the quality control (QC) acceptance criteria of the method in a given instrument. Similarly, modified flow cell configurations and flow conditions may be used in the method, provided that the QC acceptance criteria are met.

⁵⁶ QuikChem Method 10-204-00-1-X, Digestion and Distillation of Total Cyanide in Drinking and Wastewaters using MICRO DIST and Determination of Cyanide by Flow Injection Analysis. Revision 2.2, March 2005. Lachat Instruments.

⁵⁷ When using sulfide removal test procedures described in EPA Method 335.4, reconstitute particulate that is filtered with the sample prior to distillation.

⁵⁸ Unless otherwise stated, if the language of this table specifies a sample digestion and/or distillation “followed by” analysis with a method, approved digestion and/or distillation are required prior to analysis.

⁵⁹ Samples analyzed for available cyanide using OI Analytical method OIA-1677-09 or ASTM method D6888-16 that contain particulate matter may be filtered only after the ligand exchange reagents have been added to the samples, because the ligand exchange process converts complexes containing available cyanide to free cyanide, which is not removed by filtration. Analysts are further cautioned to limit the time between the addition of the ligand exchange reagents and sample filtration to no more than 30 minutes to preclude settling of materials in samples.

⁶⁰ Analysts should be aware that pH optima and chromophore absorption maxima might differ when phenol is replaced by a substituted phenol as the color reagent in Berthelot Reaction (“phenol-hypochlorite reaction”) colorimetric ammonium determination methods. For example, when phenol is used as the color reagent, pH optimum and wavelength of maximum absorbance are about 11.5 and 635 nm, respectively—see, Patton, C.J. and S.R. Crouch. March 1977. Anal. Chem. 49:464-469. These reaction parameters increase to pH > 12.6 and 665 nm when salicylate is used as the color reagent—see, Krom, M.D. April 1980. The Analyst 105:305-316.

⁶¹ If atomic absorption or ICP instrumentation is not available, the aluminon colorimetric method detailed in the 19th Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater may be used. This method has poorer precision and bias than the methods of choice.

⁶² Easy (1-Reagent) Nitrate Method, Revision November 12, 2011. Craig Chinchilla.

⁶³ Hach Method 10360, Luminescence Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen in Water and Wastewater and for Use in the Determination of BOD5 and CBOD5. Revision 1.2, October 2011. Hach Company. This method may be used to measure dissolved oxygen when performing the methods approved in this table IB for measurement of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD).

⁶⁴ In-Situ Method 1002-8-2009, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Measurement by Optical Probe. 2009. In-Situ Incorporated.

⁶⁵ Mitchell Method M5331, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 1.0, July 31, 2008. Leck Mitchell.

⁶⁶ Mitchell Method M5271, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 1.0, July 31, 2008. Leck Mitchell.

⁶⁷ Orion Method AQ4500, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 5, March 12, 2009. Thermo Scientific.

⁶⁸ EPA Method 200.5, Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking Water by Axially Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry, EPA/600/R-06/115. Revision 4.2, October 2003. US EPA.

⁶⁹ Method 1627, Kinetic Test Method for the Prediction of Mine Drainage Quality, EPA-821-R-09-002. December 2011. US EPA.

⁷⁰ Techniques and Methods Book 5-B1, Determination of Elements in Natural-Water, Biota, Sediment and Soil Samples Using Collision/Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Chapter 1, Section B, Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory, Book 5, Laboratory Analysis, 2006. USGS.

⁷¹ Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4132, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Organic Plus Inorganic Mercury in Filtered and Unfiltered Natural Water with Cold Vapor-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry, 2001. USGS.

⁷² USGS Techniques and Methods 5-B8, Chapter 8, Section B, Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory Book 5, Laboratory Analysis, 2011 USGS.

⁷³ NECi Method N07-0003, “Nitrate Reductase Nitrate-Nitrogen Analysis,” Revision 9.0, March 2014, The Nitrate Elimination Co., Inc.

⁷⁴ Timberline Instruments, LLC Method Ammonia-001, “Determination of Inorganic Ammonia by Continuous Flow Gas Diffusion and Conductivity Cell Analysis,” June 2011, Timberline Instruments, LLC.

⁷⁵ Hach Company Method 10206, “Spectrophotometric Measurement of Nitrate in Water and Wastewater,” Revision 2.1, January 2013, Hach Company.

⁷⁶ Hach Company Method 10242, “Simplified Spectrophotometric Measurement of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water and Wastewater,” Revision 1.1, January 2013, Hach Company.

⁷⁷ National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI) Method TNTP-W10900, “Total (Kjeldahl) Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus in Pulp and Paper Biologically Treated Effluent by Alkaline Persulfate Digestion,” June 2011, National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc.

⁷⁸ The pH adjusted sample is to be adjusted to 7.6 for NPDES reporting purposes.

⁷⁹ I-2057-85 in U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 5, Chap. A1, Methods for Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, 1989.

⁸⁰ Methods I-2522-90, I-2540-90, and I-2601-90 in U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-125, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments, 1993.

⁸¹ Method I-4472-97 in U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-165, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments, 1998.

⁸² FIAlab 100, “Determination of Inorganic Ammonia by Continuous Flow Gas Diffusion and Fluorescence Detector Analysis”, April 4, 2018, FIAlab Instruments, Inc.

⁸³ MACHEREY-NAGEL GmbH and Co. Method 036/038 NANOCOLOR® COD LR/HR, “Spectrophotometric Measurement of Chemical Oxygen Demand in Water and Wastewater”, Revision 1.5, May 2018, MACHEREY-NAGEL GmbH and Co. KG.

⁸⁴ Please refer to the following applicable Quality Control Sections: Part 2000 Methods, Physical and Aggregate Properties 2020 (2021); Part 3000 Methods, Metals, 3020 (2021); Part 4000 Methods, Inorganic Nonmetallic Constituents, 4020 (2022); Part 5000 Methods, and Aggregate Organic Constituents, 5020 (2022). These Quality Control Standards are available for download at www.standardmethods.org at no charge.

⁸⁵ Each laboratory may establish its own control limits by performing at least 25 glucose-glutamic acid (GGA) checks over several weeks or months and calculating the mean and standard deviation. The laboratory may then use the mean ± 3 standard deviations as the control limit for future GGA checks. However, GGA acceptance criteria can be no wider than 198 ± 30.5 mg/L for BOD5. GGA acceptance criteria for CBOD must be either 198 ± 30.5 mg/L, or the lab may develop control charts under the following conditions: dissolved oxygen uptake from the seed contribution is between 0.6-1.0 mg/L; control charts are performed on at least 25 GGA checks with three standard deviations from the derived mean; the RSD must not exceed 7.5%; and any single GGA value cannot be less than 150 mg/L or higher than 250 mg/L.

⁸⁶ The approved method is that cited in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 14th Edition, 1976.

Table IC—List of Approved Test Procedures for Non-Pesticide Organic Compounds

Parameter ¹	Method	EPA ² ⁷	Standard methods ¹⁷	ASTM	Other
1. Acenaphthene	GC	610
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
2. Acenaphthylene	GC	610
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
3. Acrolein	GC	603
	GC/MS	624.1 ⁴, 1624B.
4. Acrylonitrile	GC	603
	GC/MS	624.1 ⁴, 1624B			O-4127-96. ¹³
5. Anthracene	GC	610
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
6. Benzene	GC	602	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
7. Benzidine	Spectro-photometric				See footnote ³ p.1.
	GC/MS	625.1 ⁵, 1625B	6410 B-2020.
	HPLC	605
8. Benzo(a)anthracene	GC	610
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
9. Benzo(a)pyrene	GC	610
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
10. Benzo(b)fluoranthene	GC	610
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
11. Benzo(g,h,i)perylene	GC	610
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
12. Benzo(k)fluoranthene	GC	610
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
13. Benzyl chloride	GC				See footnote ³ p. 130.
	GC/MS				See footnote ⁶ p. S102.
14. Butyl benzyl phthalate	GC	606
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
15. bis(2-Chloroethoxy) methane	GC	611
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
16. bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether	GC	611
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
17. bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate	GC	606
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
18. Bromodichloromethane	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
19. Bromoform	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
20. Bromomethane	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
21. 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether	GC	611
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
22. Carbon tetrachloride	GC	601	6200 C-2020		See footnote ³ p. 130.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
23. 4-Chloro-3-methyl phenol	GC	604	6420 B-2021.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
24. Chlorobenzene	GC	601, 602	6200 C-2020		See footnote ³ p. 130.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³ O-4436-16. ¹⁴
25. Chloroethane	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96. ¹³
26. 2-Chloroethylvinyl ether	GC	601
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B.
27. Chloroform	GC	601	6200 C-2020		See footnote ³ p. 130.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
28. Chloromethane	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
29. 2-Chloronaphthalene	GC	612
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
30. 2-Chlorophenol	GC	604	6420 B-2021.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
31. 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether	GC	611
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
32. Chrysene	GC	610
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
33. Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene	GC	610
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
34. Dibromochloromethane	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
35. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene	GC	601, 602	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1625B	6200 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27, O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
36. 1,3-Dichlorobenzene	GC	601, 602	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1625B	6200 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27, O-4127-96. ¹³
37. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene	GC	601, 602	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1625B	6200 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27, O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
38. 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020.
	HPLC	605.
39. Dichlorodifluoromethane	GC	601.
	GC/MS		6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
40. 1,1-Dichloroethane	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
41. 1,2-Dichloroethane	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
42. 1,1-Dichloroethene	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
43. trans-1,2-Dichloroethene	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
44. 2,4-Dichlorophenol	GC	604	6420 B-2021.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
45. 1,2-Dichloropropane	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³ O-4436-16. ¹⁴
46. cis-1,3-Dichloropropene	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
47. trans-1,3-Dichloropropene	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
48. Diethyl phthalate	GC	606.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
49. 2,4-Dimethylphenol	GC	604	6420 B-2021.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
50. Dimethyl phthalate	GC	606.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
51. Di-n-butyl phthalate	GC	606.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
52. Di-n-octyl phthalate	GC	606.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
53. 2, 4-Dinitrophenol	GC	604	6420 B-2021		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020.
54. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene	GC	609.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
55. 2,6-Dinitrotoluene	GC	609.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
56. Epichlorohydrin	GC				See footnote ³ p. 130.
	GC/MS				See footnote ⁶ p. S102.
57. Ethylbenzene	GC	602	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
58. Fluoranthene	GC	610.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
59. Fluorene	GC	610.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
60. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachloro-dibenzofuran	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
61. 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Heptachloro-dibenzofuran	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
62. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8- Heptachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
63. Hexachlorobenzene	GC	612.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
64. Hexachlorobutadiene	GC	612.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27, O-4127-96. ¹³
65. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene	GC	612.
	GC/MS	625.1 ⁵, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹, p. 27, O-4127-96. ¹³
66. 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachloro-dibenzofuran	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
67. 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachloro-dibenzofuran	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
68. 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachloro-dibenzofuran	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
69. 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexachloro-dibenzofuran	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
70. 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
71. 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
72. 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
73. Hexachloroethane	GC	612.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27, O-4127-96. ¹³
74. Indeno(1,2,3-c,d) pyrene	GC	610.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
75. Isophorone	GC	609.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
76. Methylene chloride	GC	601	6200 C-2020		See footnote ³ p. 130.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
77. 2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol	GC	604	6420 B-2021.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
78. Naphthalene	GC	610.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021.
79. Nitrobenzene	GC	609.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC			D4657-92 (98).
80. 2-Nitrophenol	GC	604	6420 B-2021.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
81. 4-Nitrophenol	GC	604	6420 B-2021.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
82. N-Nitrosodimethylamine	GC	607.
	GC/MS	625.1 ⁵, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
83. N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine	GC	607.
	GC/MS	625.1 ⁵, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
84. N-Nitrosodiphenylamine	GC	607.
	GC/MS	625.1 ⁵, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
85. Octachlorodibenzofuran	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
86. Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
87. 2,2′-oxybis(1-chloropropane) ¹² [also known as bis(2-Chloro-1-methylethyl) ether]	GC	611.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
88. PCB-1016	GC	608.3			See footnote ³ p. 43, see footnote. ⁸
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
89. PCB-1221	GC	608.3			See footnote ³ p. 43, see footnote. ⁸
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
90. PCB-1232	GC	608.3			See footnote ³ p. 43, see footnote. ⁸
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
91. PCB-1242	GC	608.3			See footnote ³ p. 43, see footnote. ⁸
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
92. PCB-1248	GC	608.3			See footnote ³ p. 43, see footnote. ⁸
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
93. PCB-1254	GC	608.3			See footnote ³ p. 43, see footnote. ⁸
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
94. PCB-1260	GC	608.3			See footnote ³ p. 43, see footnote. ⁸
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
95. 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachloro-dibenzofuran	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
96. 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachloro-dibenzofuran	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
97. 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
98. Pentachlorophenol	GC	604	6420 B-2021		See footnote ³ p. 140.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
99. Phenanthrene	GC	610.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
100. Phenol	GC	604	6420 B-2021.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
101. Pyrene	GC	610.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
	HPLC	610	6440 B-2021	D4657-92 (98).
102. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-dibenzofuran	GC/MS	1613B ¹⁰			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
103. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin	GC/MS	613, 625.1 ⁵, 1613B			SGS AXYS 16130 ¹⁵, PAM 16130-SSI. ¹⁶
104. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane	GC	601	6200 C-2020		See footnote ³ p. 130.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96. ¹³
105. Tetrachloroethene	GC	601	6200 C-2020		See footnote ³ p. 130.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
106. Toluene	GC	602	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
107. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene	GC	612			See footnote ³ p. 130.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27, O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
108. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
109. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane	GC	601	6200 C-2020		See footnote ³ p. 130.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
110. Trichloroethene	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
111. Trichlorofluoromethane	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96. ¹³
112. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol	GC	604	6420 B-2021.
	GC/MS	625.1, 1625B	6410 B-2020		See footnote ⁹ p. 27.
113. Vinyl chloride	GC	601	6200 C-2020.
	GC/MS	624.1, 1624B	6200 B-2020		O-4127-96 ¹³, O-4436-16. ¹⁴
114. Nonylphenol	GC/MS			D7065-17.
115. Bisphenol A (BPA)	GC/MS			D7065-17.
116. p-tert-Octylphenol (OP)	GC/MS			D7065-17.
117. Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate (NP1EO)	GC/MS			D7065-17.
118. Nonylphenol Diethoxylate (NP2EO)	GC/MS			D7065-17.
119. Adsorbable Organic Halides (AOX)	Adsorption and Coulometric Titration	1650. ¹¹
120. Chlorinated Phenolics	In Situ Acetylation and GC/MS	1653. ¹¹

Table IC notes:

¹ All parameters are expressed in micrograms per liter (µg/L) except for Method 1613B, in which the parameters are expressed in picograms per liter (pg/L).

² The full text of Methods 601-613, 1613B, 1624B, and 1625B are provided at appendix A, Test Procedures for Analysis of Organic Pollutants. The standardized test procedure to be used to determine the method detection limit (MDL) for these test procedures is given at appendix B of this part, Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit. These methods are available at: https://www.epa.gov/cwa-methods as individual PDF files.

³ Methods for Benzidine: Chlorinated Organic Compounds, Pentachlorophenol and Pesticides in Water and Wastewater. September 1978. U.S. EPA.

⁴ Method 624.1 may be used for quantitative determination of acrolein and acrylonitrile, provided that the laboratory has documentation to substantiate the ability to detect and quantify these analytes at levels necessary to comply with any associated regulations. In addition, the use of sample introduction techniques other than simple purge-and-trap may be required. QC acceptance criteria from Method 603 should be used when analyzing samples for acrolein and acrylonitrile in the absence of such criteria in Method 624.1.

⁵ Method 625.1 may be extended to include benzidine, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, and N-nitrosodiphenylamine. However, when they are known to be present, Methods 605, 607, and 612, or Method 1625B, are preferred methods for these compounds. Method 625.1 may be applied to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin for screening purposes only.

⁶ Selected Analytical Methods Approved and Cited by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Supplement to the 15th Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 1981. American Public Health Association (APHA).

⁷ Each analyst must make an initial, one-time demonstration of their ability to generate acceptable precision and accuracy with Methods 601-603, 1624B, and 1625B in accordance with procedures in Section 8.2 of each of these methods. Additionally, each laboratory, on an on-going basis must spike and analyze 10% (5% for Methods 624.1 and 625.1 and 100% for methods 1624B and 1625B) of all samples to monitor and evaluate laboratory data quality in accordance with Sections 8.3 and 8.4 of these methods. When the recovery of any parameter falls outside the quality control (QC) acceptance criteria in the pertinent method, analytical results for that parameter in the unspiked sample are suspect. The results should be reported but cannot be used to demonstrate regulatory compliance. If the method does not contain QC acceptance criteria, control limits of ±three standard deviations around the mean of a minimum of five replicate measurements must be used. These quality control requirements also apply to the Standard Methods, ASTM Methods, and other methods cited.

⁸ Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in Wastewater Using Empore
^TM Disk. Revised October 28, 1994. 3M Corporation.

⁹ Method O-3116-87 is in Open File Report 93-125, Methods of Analysis by U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments. 1993. USGS.

¹⁰ Analysts may use Fluid Management Systems, Inc. Power-Prep system in place of manual cleanup provided the analyst meets the requirements of Method 1613B (as specified in Section 9 of the method) and permitting authorities. Method 1613, Revision B, Tetra- through Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope Dilution HRGC/HRMS. Revision B, 1994. U.S. EPA. The full text of this method is provided in appendix A to this part and at https://www.epa.gov/cwa-methods/approved-cwa-test-methods-organic-compounds.

¹¹ Method 1650, Adsorbable Organic Halides by Adsorption and Coulometric Titration. Revision C, 1997 U.S. EPA. Method 1653, Chlorinated Phenolics in Wastewater by In Situ Acetylation and GCMS. Revision A, 1997 U.S. EPA. The full text for both of these methods is provided at appendix A in part 430 of this chapter, The Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Point Source Category.

¹² The compound was formerly inaccurately labeled as 2,2′-oxybis(2-chloropropane) and bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether. Some versions of Methods 611, and 1625 inaccurately list the analyte as “bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether,” but use the correct CAS number of 108-60-1.

¹³ Method O-4127-96, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-829, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of 86 volatile organic compounds in water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, including detections less than reporting limits,1998, USGS.

¹⁴ Method O-4436-16 U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. B12, Determination of heat purgeable and ambient purgeable volatile organic compounds in water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 2016, USGS.

¹⁵ SGS AXYS Method 16130, “Determination of 2,3,7,8-Substituted Tetra- through Octa-Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (CDDs/CDFs) Using Waters and Agilent Gas Chromatography-Tandem-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS), Revision 1.0” is available at: https://www.sgsaxys.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/SGS-AXYS-Method-16130-Rev-1.0.pdf.

¹⁶ Pace Analytical Method PAM-16130-SSI, “Determination of 2,3,7,8-Substituted Tetra- through Octa-Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (CDDs/CDFs) Using Shimadzu Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), Revision 1.1,” is available at: pacelabs.com.

¹⁷ Please refer to the following applicable Quality Control Section: Part 6000 Individual Organic Compounds, 6020 (2019). The Quality Control Standards are available for download at standardmethods.org at no charge.

Table ID—List of Approved Test Procedures for Pesticides
¹

Parameter	Method	EPA 2 7 10	Standard methods ¹⁵	ASTM	Other
1. Aldrin	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96 (02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁴ O-3104-83, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
2. Ametryn	GC	507, 619			See footnote ³ p. 83, see footnote ⁹ O-3106-93, see footnote ⁶ p. S68.
	GC/MS	525.2, 625.1			See footnote ¹⁴ O-1121-91.
3. Aminocarb	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 94, see footnote ⁶ p. S60.
	HPLC	632.
4. Atraton	GC	619			See footnote ³ p. 83, see footnote ⁶ p. S68.
	GC/MS	625.1.
5. Atrazine	GC	507, 619, 608.3			See footnote ³ p. 83, see footnote ⁶ p. S68, see footnote ⁹ O-3106-93.
	HPLC/MS				See footnote ¹² O-2060-01.
	GC/MS	525.1, 525.2, 625.1			See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
6. Azinphos methyl	GC	614, 622, 1657			See footnote ³ p. 25, see footnote ⁶ p. S51.
	GC-MS	625.1			See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
7. Barban	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 104, see footnote ⁶ p. S64.
	HPLC	632.
	GC/MS	625.1.
8. α-BHC	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1 ⁵	6410 B-2020		See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
9. β-BHC	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
10. δ-BHC	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
11. γ-BHC (Lindane)	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁴, O-3104-83, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1 ⁵	6410 B-2020		See footnote ¹¹, O-1126-95.
12. Captan	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7.
13. Carbaryl	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 94, see footnote ⁶ p. S60.
	HPLC	531.1, 632.
	HPLC/MS	553			See footnote ¹² O-2060-01.
	GC/MS	625.1			See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
14. Carbophenothion	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021		See footnote ⁴ page 27, see footnote ⁶ p. S73.
	GC/MS	625.1.
15. Chlordane	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁴ O-3104-83, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
16. Chloropropham	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 104, see footnote ⁶ p. S64.
	HPLC	632.
	GC/MS	625.1.
17. 2,4-D	GC	615	6640 B-2021		See footnote ³ p. 115, see footnote ⁴ O-3105-83.
	HPLC/MS				See footnote ¹² O-2060-01.
18. 4,4′-DDD	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁴ O-3105-83, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
19. 4,4′-DDE	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁴, O-3104-83, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020		See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
20. 4,4′-DDT	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁴ O-3104-83, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
21. Demeton-O	GC	614, 622			See footnote ³ p. 25, see footnote ⁶ p. S51.
	GC/MS	625.1
22. Demeton-S.	GC	614, 622			See footnote ³ p. 25, see footnote ⁶p. S51.
	GC/MS	625.1.
23. Diazinon	GC	507, 614, 622, 1657			See footnote ³ p. 25, see footnote ⁴ O-3104-83, see footnote ⁶ p. S51.
	GC/MS	525.2, 625.1			See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
24. Dicamba	GC	615			See footnote ³ p. 115.
	HPLC/MS				See footnote ¹² O-2060-01.
25. Dichlofenthion	GC	622.1			See footnote ⁴ page 27, see footnote ⁶ p. S73.
26. Dichloran	GC	608.2, 617, 608.3	6630 B-2021		See footnote ³ p. 7.
27. Dicofol	GC	617, 608.3			See footnote ⁴ O-3104-83.
28. Dieldrin	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁴ O-3104-83, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020		See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
29. Dioxathion	GC	614.1, 1657			See footnote ⁴ page 27, see footnote ⁶ p. S73.
30. Disulfoton	GC	507, 614, 622, 1657			See footnote ³ p. 25, see footnote ⁶ p. S51.
	GC/MS	525.2, 625.1			See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
31. Diuron	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 104, see footnote ⁶ p. S64.
	HPLC	632.
	HPLC/MS	553			See footnote ¹² O-2060-01.
32. Endosulfan I	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁴ O-3104-83, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1 ⁵	6410 B-2020		See footnote ¹³ O-2002-01.
33. Endosulfan II	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1 ⁵	6410 B-2020		See footnote ¹³ O-2002-01.
34. Endosulfan Sulfate	GC	617, 608.3	6630 C-2021		See footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
35. Endrin	GC	505, 508, 617, 1656, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁴ O-3104-83, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	525.1, 525.2, 625.1 ⁵	6410 B-2020.
36. Endrin aldehyde	GC	617, 608.3	6630 C-2021		See footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
37. Ethion	GC	614, 614.1, 1657			See footnote ⁴ page 27, see footnote ⁶, p. S73.
	GC/MS	625.1			See footnote ¹³ O-2002-01.
38. Fenuron	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 104, see footnote ⁶ p. S64.
	HPLC	632.
	HPLC/MS				See footnote ¹² O-2060-01.
39. Fenuron-TCA	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 104, see footnote ⁶ p. S64.
	HPLC	632.
40. Heptachlor	GC	505, 508, 617, 1656, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁴ O-3104-83, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	525.1, 525.2, 625.1	6410 B-2020.
41. Heptachlor epoxide	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁴ O-3104-83, see footnote ⁶ p. S73, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	625.1	6410 B-2020.
42. Isodrin	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021		See footnote ⁴ O-3104-83, see footnote ⁶ p. S73.
	GC/MS	625.1.
43. Linuron	GC				See footnote ³ p. 104, see footnote ⁶ p. S64.
	HPLC	632.
	HPLC/MS	553			See footnote ¹² O-2060-01.
	GC/MS				See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
44. Malathion	GC	614, 1657	6630 B-2021		See footnote ³ p. 25, see footnote ⁶ p. S51.
	GC/MS	625.1			See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
45. Methiocarb	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 94, see footnote ⁶ p. S60.
	HPLC	632.
	HPLC/MS				See footnote ¹² O-2060-01.
46. Methoxychlor	GC	505, 508, 608.2, 617, 1656, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁴ O-3104-83, see footnote ⁸ 3M0222.
	GC/MS	525.1, 525.2, 625.1			See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
47. Mexacarbate	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 94, see footnote ⁶ p. S60.
	HPLC	632.
	GC/MS	625.1.
48. Mirex	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁴ O-3104-83.
	GC/MS	625.1.
49. Monuron	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 104, see footnote ⁶ p. S64.
	HPLC	632.
50. Monuron-TCA	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 104, see footnote ⁶ p. S64.
	HPLC	632.
51. Neburon	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 104, see footnote ⁶ p. S64.
	HPLC	632.
	HPLC/MS				See footnote ¹² O-2060-01.
52. Parathion methyl	GC	614, 622, 1657	6630 B-2021		See footnote ⁴ page 27, see footnote ³ p. 25.
	GC/MS	625.1			See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
53. Parathion ethyl	GC	614	6630 B-2021		See footnote ⁴ page 27, see footnote ³ p. 25.
	GC/MS				See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
54. PCNB	GC	608.1, 617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7.
55. Perthane	GC	617, 608.3		D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ⁴ O-3104-83.
56. Prometon	GC	507, 619			See footnote ³ p. 83, see footnote ⁶ p. S68, see footnote ⁹ O-3106-93.
	GC/MS	525.2, 625.1			See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
57. Prometryn	GC	507, 619			See footnote ³ p. 83, see footnote ⁶ p. S68, see footnote ⁹ O-3106-93.
	GC/MS	525.1, 525.2, 625.1			See footnote ¹³ O-2002-01.
58. Propazine	GC	507, 619, 1656, 608.3			See footnote ³ p. 83, see footnote ⁶ p. S68, see footnote ⁹ O-3106-93.
	GC/MS	525.1, 525.2, 625.1
59. Propham	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 10, see footnote ⁶ p. S64.
	HPLC	632.
	HPLC/MS				See footnote ¹² O-2060-01.
60. Propoxur	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 94, see footnote ⁶, p. S60.
	HPLC	632.
61. Secbumeton	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 83, see footnote ⁶ p. S68.
	GC	619.
62. Siduron	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 104, see footnote ⁶ p. S64.
	HPLC	632.
	HPLC/MS				See footnote ¹² O-2060-01.
63. Simazine	GC	505, 507, 619, 1656, 608.3			See footnote ³ p. 83, see footnote ⁶ p. S68, see footnote ⁹ O-3106-93.
	GC/MS	525.1, 525.2, 625.1			See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.
64. Strobane	GC	617, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021		See footnote ³ p. 7.
65. Swep	TLC				See footnote ³ p. 104, see footnote ⁶ p. S64.
	HPLC	632.
66. 2,4,5-T	GC	615	6640 B-2021		See footnote ³ p. 115, see footnote ⁴ O-3105-83.
67. 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)	GC	615	6640 B-2021		See footnote ³ p. 115, see footnote ⁴ O-3105-83.
68. Terbuthylazine	GC	619, 1656, 608.3			See footnote ³ p. 83, see footnote ⁶ p. S68.
	GC/MS				See footnote ¹³ O-2002-01.
69. Toxaphene	GC	505, 508, 617, 1656, 608.3	6630 B-2021 & C-2021	D3086-90, D5812-96(02)	See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁸, see footnote ⁴ O-3105-83.
	GC/MS	525.1, 525.2, 625.1	6410 B-2020.
70. Trifluralin	GC	508, 617, 627, 1656, 608.3	6630 B-2021		See footnote ³ p. 7, see footnote ⁹ O-3106-93.
	GC/MS	525.2, 625.1			See footnote ¹¹ O-1126-95.

Table ID notes:

¹ Pesticides are listed in this table by common name for the convenience of the reader. Additional pesticides may be found under table IC of this section, where entries are listed by chemical name.

² The standardized test procedure to be used to determine the method detection limit (MDL) for these test procedures is given at appendix B to this part, Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit.

³ Methods for Benzidine, Chlorinated Organic Compounds, Pentachlorophenol and Pesticides in Water and Wastewater. September 1978. U.S. EPA. This EPA publication includes thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods.

⁴ Methods for the Determination of Organic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A3. 1987. USGS.

⁵ The method may be extended to include α-BHC, γ-BHC, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, and endrin. However, when they are known to exist, Method 608 is the preferred method.

⁷ Each analyst must make an initial, one-time, demonstration of their ability to generate acceptable precision and accuracy with Methods 608.3 and 625.1 in accordance with procedures given in Section 8.2 of each of these methods. Additionally, each laboratory, on an on-going basis, must spike and analyze 10% of all samples analyzed with Method 608.3 or 5% of all samples analyzed with Method 625.1 to monitor and evaluate laboratory data quality in accordance with Sections 8.3 and 8.4 of these methods. When the recovery of any parameter falls outside the warning limits, the analytical results for that parameter in the unspiked sample are suspect. The results should be reported, but cannot be used to demonstrate regulatory compliance. These quality control requirements also apply to the Standard Methods, ASTM Methods, and other methods cited.

⁸ Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in Wastewater Using Empore
^TM Disk. Revised October 28, 1994. 3M Corporation.

⁹ Method O-3106-93 is in Open File Report 94-37, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Triazine and Other Nitrogen-Containing Compounds by Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen Phosphorus Detectors. 1994. USGS.

¹⁰ EPA Methods 608.1, 608.2, 614, 614.1, 615, 617, 619, 622, 622.1, 627, and 632 are found in Methods for the Determination of Nonconventional Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, EPA 821-R-92-002, April 1992, U.S. EPA. EPA Methods 505, 507, 508, 525.1, 531.1 and 553 are in Methods for the Determination of Nonconventional Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume II, EPA 821-R-93-010B, 1993, U.S. EPA. EPA Method 525.2 is in Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Revision 2.0, 1995, U.S. EPA. EPA methods 1656 and 1657 are in Methods for The Determination of Nonconventional Pesticides In Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume I, EPA 821-R-93-010A, 1993, U.S. EPA. Methods 608.3 and 625.1 are available at: cwa-methods/approved-cwa-test-methods-organic-compounds.

¹¹ Method O-1126-95 is in Open-File Report 95-181, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of pesticides in water by C-18 solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. 1995. USGS.

¹² Method O-2060-01 is in Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4134, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Pesticides in Water by Graphitized Carbon-Based Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 2001. USGS.

¹³ Method O-2002-01 is in Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4098, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of moderate-use pesticides in water by C-18 solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 2001. USGS.

¹⁴ Method O-1121-91 is in Open-File Report 91-519, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of organonitrogen herbicides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. 1992. USGS.

¹⁵ Please refer to the following applicable Quality Control Section: Part 6000 Methods, Individual Organic Compounds 6020 (2019). These Quality Control Standards are available for download at www.standardmethods.org at no charge.

Table IE—List of Approved Radiologic Test Test Procedures

Parameter and units	Method	Reference (method number or page)
Parameter and units	Method	EPA ¹	Standard Methods 18th, 19th, 20th Ed.	Standard Methods Online	ASTM	USGS ²
1. Alpha-Total, pCi per liter	Proportional or scintillation counter	900.0	7110 B	7110 B-00	D1943-90, 96	pp. 75 and 78 ³
2. Alpha-Counting error, pCi per liter	Proportional or scintillation counter	Appendix B	7110 B	7110 B-00	D1943-90, 96	p. 79
3. Beta-Total, pCi per liter	Proportional counter	900.0	7110 B	7110 B-00	D1890-90, 96	pp. 75 and 78 ³
4. Beta-Counting error, pCi	Proportional counter	Appendix B	7110 B	7110 B-00	D1890-90, 96	p. 79
5. (a) Radium Total pCi per liter (b) Ra, pCi per liter	Proportional counter	903.0	7500-Ra B	7500-Ra B-01	D2460-90, 97
	Scintillation counter	903.1	7500-Ra C	7500-Ra C-01	D3454-91, 97	p. 81

¹ Prescribed Procedures for Measurement of Radioactivity in Drinking Water, EPA-600/4-80-032 (1980), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, August 1980.

² Fishman, M. J. and Brown, Eugene, “Selected Methods of the U.S. Geological Survey of Analysis of Wastewaters,” U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 76-177 (1976).

³ The method found on p. 75 measures only the dissolved portion while the method on p. 78 measures only the suspended portion. Therefore, the two results must be added to obtain the “total.”

Table IF—List of Approved Methods for Pharmaceutical Pollutants

Pharmaceuticals pollutants	CAS registry No.	Analytical method number
Acetonitrile	75-05-8	1666/1671/D3371/D3695/624.1
n-Amyl acetate	628-63-7	1666/D3695
n-Amyl alcohol	71-41-0	1666/D3695
Benzene	71-43-2	D4763/D3695/502.2/524.2/624.1
n-Butyl-acetate	123-86-4	1666/D3695
tert-Butyl alcohol	75-65-0	1666/624.1
Chlorobenzene	108-90-7	502.2/524.2/624.1
Chloroform	67-66-3	502.2/524.2/551/624.1
o-Dichlorobenzene	95-50-1	1625C/502.2/524.2/624.1
1,2-Dichloroethane	107-06-2	D3695/502.2/524.2/624.1
Diethylamine	109-89-7	1666/1671
Dimethyl sulfoxide	67-68-5	1666/1671
Ethanol	64-17-5	1666/1671/D3695/624.1
Ethyl acetate	141-78-6	1666/D3695/624.1
n-Heptane	142-82-5	1666/D3695
n-Hexane	110-54-3	1666/D3695
Isobutyraldehyde	78-84-2	1666/1667
Isopropanol	67-63-0	1666/D3695
Isopropyl acetate	108-21-4	1666/D3695
Isopropyl ether	108-20-3	1666/D3695
Methanol	67-56-1	1666/1671/D3695/624.1
Methyl Cellosolve® (2-Methoxy ethanol)	109-86-4	1666/1671
Methylene chloride	75-09-2	502.2/524.2/624.1
Methyl formate	107-31-3	1666
4-Methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK)	108-10-1	1624C/1666/D3695/D4763/524.2/624.1
Phenol	108-95-2	D4763
n-Propanol	71-23-8	1666/1671/D3695/624.1
2-Propanone (Acetone)	67-64-1	D3695/D4763/524.2/624.1
Tetrahydrofuran	109-99-9	1666/524.2/624.1
Toluene	108-88-3	D3695/D4763/502.2/524.2/624.1
Triethlyamine	121-44-8	1666/1671
Xylenes	(Note 1)	1624C/1666/624.1

Table IF note:

¹ 1624C: m-xylene 108-38-3, o,p-xylene, E-14095 (Not a CAS number; this is the number provided in the Environmental Monitoring Methods Index [EMMI] database.); 1666: m,p-xylene 136777-61-2, o-xylene 95-47-6.

Table IG—Test Methods for Pesticide Active Ingredients

[40 CFR part 455]

EPA survey code	Pesticide name	CAS No.	EPA analytical method No.(s) ³
8	Triadimefon	43121-43-3	507/633/525.1/525.2/1656/625.1.
12	Dichlorvos	62-73-7	1657/507/622/525.1/525.2/625.1.
16	2,4-D; 2,4-D Salts and Esters [2,4-Dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid]	94-75-7	1658/515.1/615/515.2/555.
17	2,4-DB; 2,4-DB Salts and Esters [2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid]	94-82-6	1658/515.1/615/515.2/555.
22	Mevinphos	7786-34-7	1657/507/622/525.1/525.2/625.1.
25	Cyanazine	21725-46-2	629/507/608.3/625.1.
26	Propachlor	1918-16-7	1656/508/608.1/525.1/525.2/608.3/625.1.
27	MCPA; MCPA Salts and Esters [2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid]	94-74-6	1658/615/555.
30	Dichlorprop; Dichlorprop Salts and Esters [2-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid]	120-36-5	1658/515.1/615/515.2/555.
31	MCPP; MCPP Salts and Esters [2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid]	93-65-2	1658/615/555.
35	TCMTB [2-(Thiocyanomethylthio) benzo-thiazole]	21564-17-0	637.
39	Pronamide	23950-58-5	525.1/525.2/507/633.1/625.1.
41	Propanil	709-98-8	632.1/1656/608.3.
45	Metribuzin	21087-64-9	507/633/525.1/525.2/1656/608.3/625.1.
52	Acephate	30560-19-1	1656/1657/608.3.
53	Acifluorfen	50594-66-6	515.1/515.2/555.
54	Alachlor	15972-60-8	505/507/645/525.1/525.2/1656/608.3/625.1.
55	Aldicarb	116-06-3	531.1.
58	Ametryn	834-12-8	507/619/525.2/625.1.
60	Atrazine	1912-24-9	505/507/619/525.1/525.2/1656/ 608.3/625.1.
62	Benomyl	17804-35-2	631.
68	Bromacil; Bromacil Salts and Esters	314-40-9	507/633/525.1/525.2/1656/608.3/625.1.
69	Bromoxynil	1689-84-5	1625/1661/625.1.
69	Bromoxynil Octanoate	1689-99-2	1656/608.3.
70	Butachlor	23184-66-9	507/645/525.1/525.2/1656/608.3/625.1.
73	Captafol	2425-06-1	1656/608.3/625.1.
75	Carbaryl [Sevin]	63-25-2	531.1/632/553/625.1.
76	Carbofuran	1563-66-2	531.1/632/625.1.
80	Chloroneb	2675-77-6	1656/508/608.1/525.1/525.2/608.3/625.1.
82	Chlorothalonil	1897-45-6	508/608.2/525.1/525.2/1656/608.3/625.1.
84	Stirofos	961-11-5	1657/507/622/525.1/525.2/625.1.
86	Chlorpyrifos	2921-88-2	1657/508/622/625.1.
90	Fenvalerate	51630-58-1	1660.
103	Diazinon	333-41-5	1657/507/614/622/525.2/625.1.
107	Parathion methyl	298-00-0	1657/614/622/625.1.
110	DCPA [Dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-terephthalate]	1861-32-1	508/608.2/525.1/525.2/515.1 ²/515.2 ²/1656/608.3/625.1.
112	Dinoseb	88-85-7	1658/515.1/615/515.2/555/625.1.
113	Dioxathion	78-34-2	1657/614.1.
118	Nabonate [Disodium cyanodithio-imidocarbonate]	138-93-2	630.1.
119	Diuron	330-54-1	632/553.
123	Endothall	145-73-3	548/548.1.
124	Endrin	72-20-8	1656/505/508/617/525.1/525.2/608.3/625.1.
125	Ethalfluralin	55283-68-6	1656/627/608.3 See footnote 1.
126	Ethion	563-12-2	1657/614/614.1/625.1.
127	Ethoprop	13194-48-4	1657/507/622/525.1/525.2/625.1.
132	Fenarimol	60168-88-9	507/633.1/525.1/525.2/1656/608.3/625.1.
133	Fenthion	55-38-9	1657/622/625.1.
138	Glyphosate [N-(Phosphonomethyl) glycine]	1071-83-6	547.
140	Heptachlor	76-44-8	1656/505/508/617/525.1/525.2/608.3/625.1.
144	Isopropalin	33820-53-0	1656/627/608.3.
148	Linuron	330-55-2	553/632.
150	Malathion	121-75-5	1657/614/625.1.
154	Methamidophos	10265-92-6	1657.
156	Methomyl	16752-77-5	531.1/632.
158	Methoxychlor	72-43-5	1656/505/508/608.2/617/525.1/525.2/608.3/625.1.
172	Nabam	142-59-6	630/630.1.
173	Naled	300-76-5	1657/622/625.1.
175	Norflurazon	27314-13-2	507/645/525.1/525.2/1656/608.3/625.1.
178	Benfluralin	1861-40-1	1656/627/608.3 See footnote 1.
182	Fensulfothion	115-90-2	1657/622/625.1.
183	Disulfoton	298-04-4	1657/507/614/622/525.2/625.1.
185	Phosmet	732-11-6	1657/622.1/625.1.
186	Azinphos Methyl	86-50-0	1657/614/622/625.1.
192	Organo-tin pesticides	12379-54-3	Ind-01/200.7/200.9.
197	Bolstar	35400-43-2	1657/622.
203	Parathion	56-38-2	1657/614/625.1.
204	Pendimethalin	40487-42-1	1656.
205	Pentachloronitrobenzene	82-68-8	1656/608.1/617/608.3/625.1.
206	Pentachlorophenol	87-86-5	1625/515.2/555/515.1/525.1/525.2/625.1.
208	Permethrin	52645-53-1	608.2/508/525.1/525.2/1656/1660/608.3 ⁴/625.1 ⁴.
212	Phorate	298-02-2	1657/622/625.1.
218	Busan 85 [Potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate]	128-03-0	630/630.1.
219	Busan 40 [Potassium N-hydroxymethyl-N-methyldithiocarbamate]	51026-28-9	630/630.1.
220	KN Methyl [Potassium N-methyl-dithiocarbamate]	137-41-7	630/630.1.
223	Prometon	1610-18-0	507/619/525.2/625.1.
224	Prometryn	7287-19-6	507/619/525.1/525.2/625.1.
226	Propazine	139-40-2	507/619/525.1/525.2/1656/608.3/625.1.
230	Pyrethrin I	121-21-1	1660.
232	Pyrethrin II	121-29-9	1660.
236	DEF [S,S,S-Tributyl phosphorotrithioate]	78-48-8	1657.
239	Simazine	122-34-9	505/507/619/525.1/525.2/1656/608.3/625.1.
241	Carbam-S [Sodium dimethyldithio-carbamate]	128-04-1	630/630.1.
243	Vapam [Sodium methyldithiocarbamate]	137-42-8	630/630.1.
252	Tebuthiuron	34014-18-1	507/525.1/525.2/625.1.
254	Terbacil	5902-51-2	507/633/525.1/525.2/1656/608.3/625.1.
255	Terbufos	13071-79-9	1657/507/614.1/525.1/525.2/625.1.
256	Terbuthylazine	5915-41-3	619/1656/608.3.
257	Terbutryn	886-50-0	507/619/525.1/525.2/625.1.
259	Dazomet	533-74-4	630/630.1/1659.
262	Toxaphene	8001-35-2	1656/505/508/617/525.1/525.2/608.3/625.1.
263	Merphos [Tributyl phosphorotrithioate]	150-50-5	1657/507/525.1/525.2/622/625.1.
264	Trifluralin ¹	1582-09-8	1656/508/617/627/525.2/608.3/625.1.
268	Ziram [Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate]	137-30-4	630/630.1.

Table IG notes:

¹ Monitor and report as total Trifluralin.

² Applicable to the analysis of DCPA degradates.

³ EPA Methods 608.1 through 645, 1645 through 1661, and Ind-01 are available in Methods for the Determination of Nonconventional Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume I, EPA 821-R-93-010A, Revision I, August 1993, U.S. EPA. EPA Methods 200.9 and 505 through 555 are available in Methods for the Determination of Nonconventional Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume II, EPA 821-R-93-010B, August 1993, U.S. EPA. The full text of Methods 608.3, 625.1, and 1625 are provided at appendix A of this part. The full text of Method 200.7 is provided at appendix C of this part. Methods 608.3 and 625.1 are available at https://www.epa.gov/cwa-methods/approved-cwa-test-methods-organic-compounds.

⁴ Permethrin is not listed within methods 608.3 and 625.1; however, cis-permethrin and trans-permethrin are listed. Permethrin can be calculated by adding the results of cis- and trans-permethrin.

Table IH—List of Approved Microbiological Methods for Ambient Water

Parameter and units	Method ¹	EPA	Standard methods	AOAC, ASTM, USGS	Other
Bacteria
1. Coliform (fecal), number per 100 mL	Most Probable Number (MPN), 5 tube, 3 dilution, or	p. 132 ³	9221 E-2014, 9221 F-2014. ³²
	Membrane filter (MF) ², single step	p. 124 ³	9222 D-2015 ²⁶	B-0050-85. ⁴
2. Coliform (total), number per 100 mL	MPN, 5 tube, 3 dilution, or	p. 114 ³	9221 B-2014.
	MF ², single step or	p. 108 ³	9222 B-2015 ²⁷	B-0025-85. ⁴
	MF ², two step with enrichment	p. 111 ³	9222 B-2015. ²⁷
3. E. coli, number per 100 mL	MPN ⁵ ⁷ ¹³, multiple tube, or		9221 B.3-2014/9221 F-2014. ¹⁰ ¹² ³²
	Multiple tube/multiple well, or		9223 B-2016 ¹¹	991.15 ⁹	Colilert® ¹¹ ¹⁵, Colilert-18®. ¹¹ ¹⁴ ¹⁵
	MF ² ⁵ ⁶ ⁷, two step, or	1103.2 ¹⁸	9222 B-2015/9222 I-2015 ¹⁷, 9213 D-2007	D5392-93. ⁸
	Single step	1603.1 ¹⁹, 1604 ²⁰			m-ColiBlue24® ¹⁶, KwikCountTM EC. ²⁸ ²⁹
4. Fecal streptococci, number per 100 mL	MPN, 5 tube, 3 dilution, or	p. 139 ³	9230 B-2013.
	MF ², or	p. 136 ³	9230 C-2013 ³⁰	B-0055-85. ⁴
	Plate count	p. 143. ³
5. Enterococci, number per 100 mL	MPN ⁵ ⁷, multiple tube/multiple well, or		9230 D-2013	D6503-99 ⁸	Enterolert®. ¹¹ ²¹
	MF ² ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ two step, or	1106.2 ²²	9230 C-2013 ³⁰	D5259-92. ⁸
	Single step, or	1600.1 ²³	9230 C-2013. ³⁰
	Plate count	p. 143. ³
Protozoa
6. Cryptosporidium	Filtration/IMS/FA	1622 ²⁴, 1623 ²⁵, 1623.1. ²⁵ ³¹
7. Giardia	Filtration/IMS/FA	1623 ²⁵, 1623.1. ²⁵ ³¹

Table 1H notes:

¹ The method must be specified when results are reported.

² A 0.45-µm membrane filter (MF) or other pore size certified by the manufacturer to fully retain organisms to be cultivated and to be free of extractables which could interfere with their growth.

³ Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the Environment, Water and Wastes. EPA/600/8-78/017. 1978. US EPA.

⁵ Tests must be conducted to provide organism enumeration (density). Select the appropriate configuration of tubes/filtrations and dilutions/volumes to account for the quality, character, consistency, and anticipated organism density of the water sample.

⁶ When the MF method has not been used previously to test waters with high turbidity, large numbers of noncoliform bacteria, or samples that may contain organisms stressed by chlorine, a parallel test should be conducted with a multiple-tube technique to demonstrate applicability and comparability of results.

⁷ To assess the comparability of results obtained with individual methods, it is suggested that side-by-side tests be conducted across seasons of the year with the water samples routinely tested in accordance with the most current Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or EPA alternate test procedure (ATP) guidelines.

⁸ Annual Book of ASTM Standards—Water and Environmental Technology. Section 11.02. 2000, 1999, 1996. ASTM International.

⁹ Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 16th Edition, Volume I, Chapter 17. 1995. AOAC International.

¹⁰ The multiple-tube fermentation test is used in 9221B.3-2014. Lactose broth may be used in lieu of lauryl tryptose broth (LTB), if at least 25 parallel tests are conducted between this broth and LTB using the water samples normally tested, and this comparison demonstrates that the false-positive rate and false-negative rate for total coliform using lactose broth is less than 10 percent. No requirement exists to run the completed phase on 10 percent of all total coliform-positive tubes on a seasonal basis.

¹¹ These tests are collectively known as defined enzyme substrate tests.

¹² After prior enrichment in a presumptive medium for total coliform using 9221B.3-2014, all presumptive tubes or bottles showing any amount of gas, growth or acidity within 48 h ± 3 h of incubation shall be submitted to 9221F-2014. Commercially available EC-MUG media or EC media supplemented in the laboratory with 50 µg/mL of MUG may be used.

¹³ Samples shall be enumerated by the multiple-tube or multiple-well procedure. Using multiple-tube procedures, employ an appropriate tube and dilution configuration of the sample as needed and report the Most Probable Number (MPN). Samples tested with Colilert® may be enumerated with the multiple-well procedures, Quanti-Tray® or Quanti-Tray®/2000, and the MPN calculated from the table provided by the manufacturer.

¹⁴ Colilert-18® is an optimized formulation of the Colilert® for the determination of total coliforms and E. coli that provides results within 18 h of incubation at 35 °C, rather than the 24 h required for the Colilert® test and is recommended for marine water samples.

¹⁵ Descriptions of the Colilert®, Colilert-18®, Quanti-Tray
^®, and Quanti-Tray®/2000 may be obtained from IDEXX Laboratories Inc.

¹⁶ A description of the mColiBlue24® test may be obtained from Hach Company.

¹⁷ Subject coliform positive samples determined by 9222B-2015 or other membrane filter procedure to 9222I-2015 using NA-MUG media.

¹⁸ Method 1103.2: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar (mTEC), EPA-821-R-23-009. September 2023. US EPA.

¹⁹ Method 1603.1: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using Modified membrane-Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar (Modified mTEC), EPA-821-R-23-008. September 2023 . US EPA.

²⁰ Method 1604: Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration by Using a Simultaneous Detection Technique (MI Medium), EPA 821-R-02-024. September 2002. US EPA.

²¹ A description of the Enterolert® test may be obtained from IDEXX Laboratories Inc.

²² Method 1106.2: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Enterococcus-Esculin Iron Agar (mE-EIA), EPA-821-R-23-007. September 2023. US EPA.

²³ Method 1600.1: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Enterococcus Indoxyl-β-D-Glucoside Agar (mEI), EPA-821-R-21-006. September 2023. US EPA.

²⁴ Method 1622 uses a filtration, concentration, immunomagnetic separation of oocysts from captured material, immunofluorescence assay to determine concentrations, and confirmation through vital dye staining and differential interference contrast microscopy for the detection of Cryptosporidium. Method 1622: Cryptosporidium in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA, EPA-821-R-05-001. December 2005. US EPA.

²⁵ Methods 1623 and 1623.1 use a filtration, concentration, immunomagnetic separation of oocysts and cysts from captured material, immunofluorescence assay to determine concentrations, and confirmation through vital dye staining and differential interference contrast microscopy for the simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia oocysts and cysts. Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA. EPA-821-R-05-002. December 2005. US EPA. Method 1623.1: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA. EPA 816-R-12-001. January 2012. US EPA.

²⁶ On a monthly basis, at least ten blue colonies from positive samples must be verified using Lauryl Tryptose Broth and EC broth, followed by count adjustment based on these results; and representative non-blue colonies should be verified using Lauryl Tryptose Broth. Where possible, verifications should be done from randomized sample sources.

²⁷ On a monthly basis, at least ten sheen colonies from positive samples must be verified using Lauryl Tryptose Broth and brilliant green lactose bile broth, followed by count adjustment based on these results; and representative non-sheen colonies should be verified using Lauryl Tryptose Broth. Where possible, verifications should be done from randomized sample sources.

²⁸ A description of KwikCountTM EC may be obtained from Roth Bioscience, LLC.

²⁹ Approved for the analyses of E. coli in freshwater only.

³⁰ Verification of colonies by incubation of BHI agar at 10 ± 0.5 °C for 48 ± 3 h is optional. As per the Errata to the 23rd Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater “Growth on a BHI agar plate incubated at 10 ± 0.5 °C for 48 ± 3 h is further verification that the colony belongs to the genus Enterococcus.”

³¹ Method 1623.1 includes updated acceptance criteria for IPR, OPR, and MS/MSD and clarifications and revisions based on the use of Method 1623 for years and technical support questions.

³² 9221 F.2-2014 allows for simultaneous detection of E. coli and thermotolerant fecal coliforms by adding inverted vials to EC-MUG; the inverted vials collect gas produced by thermotolerant fecal coliforms.

(b) The material listed in this paragraph (b) is incorporated by reference into this section with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. All approved incorporation by reference (IBR) material is available for inspection at the EPA and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Contact the EPA at: EPA’s Water Docket, EPA West, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW, Room 3334, Washington, DC 20004; telephone: 202-566-2426; email: [email protected]. For information on the availability of this material at NARA, visit www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations or email [email protected]. The material may be obtained from the following sources in this paragraph (b).

(1) Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH (US EPA). Available at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm or from: National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161

(i) Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the Environment, Water, and Wastes. 1978. EPA/600/8-78/017, Pub. No. PB-290329/A.S.

(A) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section B Total Coliform Methods, page 108. Table IA, Note 3; Table IH, Note 3.

(B) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section B Total Coliform Methods, 2.6.2 Two-Step Enrichment Procedure, page 111. Table IA, Note 3; Table IH, Note 3.

(C) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section B Total Coliform Methods, 4 Most Probable Number (MPN) Method, page 114. Table IA, Note 3; Table IH, Note 3.

(D) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section C Fecal Coliform Methods, 2 Direct Membrane Filter (MF) Method, page 124. Table IA, Note 3; Table IH, Note 3.

(E) Part III, Analytical Methodology, Section C Fecal Coliform Methods, 5 Most Probable Number (MPN) Method, page 132. Table IA, Note 3; Table IH, Note 3.

(F) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section D Fecal Streptococci, 2 Membrane Filter (MF) Method, page 136. Table IA, Note 3; Table IH, Note 3.

(G) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section D Fecal Streptococci, 4 Most Probable Number Method, page 139. Table IA, Note 3; Table IH, Note 3.

(H) Part III Analytical Methodology, Section D Fecal Streptococci, 5 Pour Plate Method, page 143. Table IA, Note 3; Table IH, Note 3.

(ii) [Reserved]

(2) Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH (US EPA). Available at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.

(i) Method 300.1 (including Errata Cover Sheet, April 27, 1999), Determination of Inorganic Ions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography, Revision 1.0, 1997. Table IB, Note 52.

(ii) Method 551, Determination of Chlorination Disinfection Byproducts and Chlorinated Solvents in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography With Electron-Capture Detection. 1990. Table IF.

(3) National Exposure Risk Laboratory-Cincinnati, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH (US EPA). Available from http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm or from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Telephone: 800-553-6847.

(i) Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples. August 1993. EPA/600/R-93/100, Pub. No. PB 94120821. Table IB, Note 52.

(A) Method 180.1, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 2.0. Table IB, Note 52.

(B) Method 300.0, Determination of Inorganic Anions by Ion Chromatography. Revision 2.1. Table IB, Note 52.

(D) Method 350.1, Determination of Ammonium Nitrogen by Semi-Automated Colorimetry. Revision 2.0. Table IB, Notes 30 and 52.

(E) Method 351.2, Determination of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen by Semi-Automated Colorimetry. Revision 2.0. Table IB, Note 52.

(F) Method 353.2, Determination of Nitrate-Nitrite Automated Colorimetry. Revision 2.0. Table IB, Note 52.

(G) Method 365.1, Determination of Phosphorus by Automated Colorimetry. Revision 2.0. Table IB, Note 52.

(H) Method 375.2, Determination of Sulfate by Automated Colorimetry. Revision 2.0. Table IB, Note 52.

(I) Method 410.4, Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand by Semi-Automated Colorimetry. Revision 2.0. Table IB, Note 52.

(ii) Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples, Supplement I. May 1994. EPA/600/R-94/111, Pub. No. PB 95125472. Table IB, Note 52.

(A) Method 200.7, Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Revision 4.4. Table IB, Note 52.

(B) Method 200.8, Determination of Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Revision 5.3. Table IB, Note 52.

(C) Method 200.9, Determination of Trace Elements by Stabilized Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Revision 2.2. Table IB, Note 52.

(D) Method 218.6, Determination of Dissolved Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water, Groundwater, and Industrial Wastewater Effluents by Ion Chromatography. Revision 3.3. Table IB, Note 52.

(E) Method 245.1, Determination of Mercury in Water by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Revision 3.0. Table IB, Note 52.

(4) National Exposure Risk Laboratory-Cincinnati, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH (US EPA). Available at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.

(i) EPA Method 200.5, Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking Water by Axially Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Revision 4.2, October 2003. EPA/600/R-06/115. Table IB, Note 68.

(ii) EPA Method 525.2, Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Revision 2.0, 1995. Table ID, Note 10.

(5) Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati OH. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH (US EPA). Available at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm or from ORD Publications, CERI, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH 45268.

(i) Methods for Benzidine, Chlorinated Organic Compounds, Pentachlorophenol, and Pesticides in Water and Wastewater. 1978. Table IC, Note 3; Table ID, Note 3.

(ii) Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. March 1979. EPA-600/4-79-020. Table IB, Note 1.

(iii) Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. Revised March 1983. EPA-600/4-79-020. Table IB, Note 1.

(A) Method 120.1, Conductance, Specific Conductance, µmhos at 25 °C. Revision 1982. Table IB, Note 1.

(B) Method 130.1, Hardness, Total (mg/L as CaCO3), Colorimetric, Automated EDTA. Issued 1971. Table IB, Note 1.

(D) Method 160.4, Residue, Volatile, Gravimetric, Ignition at 550 °C. Issued 1971. Table IB, Note 1.

(E) Method 206.5, Arsenic, Sample Digestion Prior to Total Arsenic Analysis by Silver Diethyldithiocarbamate or Hydride Procedures. Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.

(F) Method 231.2, Gold, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique. Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.

(G) Method 245.2, Mercury, Automated Cold Vapor Technique. Issued 1974. Table IB, Note 1.

(H) Method 252.2, Osmium, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique. Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.

(I) Method 253.2, Palladium, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique. Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.

(J) Method 255.2, Platinum, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique. Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.

(K) Method 265.2, Rhodium, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique. Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.

(L) Method 279.2, Thallium, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique. Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.

(M) Method 283.2, Titanium, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique. Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.

(N) Method 289.2, Zinc, Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique. Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.

(O) Method 310.2, Alkalinity, Colorimetric, Automated, Methyl Orange. Revision 1974. Table IB, Note 1.

(P) Method 351.1, Nitrogen, Kjeldahl, Total, Colorimetric, Automated Phenate. Revision 1978. Table IB, Note 1.

(Q) Method 352.1, Nitrogen, Nitrate, Colorimetric, Brucine. Issued 1971. Table IB, Note 1.

(R) Method 365.3, Phosphorus, All Forms, Colorimetric, Ascorbic Acid, Two Reagent. Issued 1978. Table IB, Note 1.

(S) Method 365.4, Phosphorus, Total, Colorimetric, Automated, Block Digestor AA II. Issued 1974. Table IB, Note 1.

(T) Method 410.3, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Titrimetric, High Level for Saline Waters. Revision 1978. Table IB, Note 1.

(U) Method 420.1, Phenolics, Total Recoverable, Spectrophotometric, Manual 4-AAP With Distillation. Revision 1978. Table IB, Note 1.

(iv) Prescribed Procedures for Measurement of Radioactivity in Drinking Water. 1980. EPA-600/4-80-032. Table IE.

(A) Method 900.0, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity. Table IE.

(B) Method 903.0, Alpha-Emitting iRadio Isotopes. Table IE.

(D) Appendix B, Error and Statistical Calculations. Table IE.

(6) Office of Science and Technology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC (US EPA). Available at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm.

(i) Method 1625C, Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Isotope Dilution GCMS. 1989. Table IF.

(ii) [Reserved]

(7) Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC (US EPA). Available at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/index.cfm or from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.

(i) Method 1631, Mercury in Water by Oxidation, Purge and Trap, and Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry. Revision E, August 2002. EPA-821-R-02-019, Pub. No. PB2002-108220. Table IB, Note 43.

(ii) Kelada-01, Kelada Automated Test Methods for Total Cyanide, Acid Dissociable Cyanide, and Thiocyanate. Revision 1.2, August 2001. EPA 821-B-01-009, Pub. No. PB 2001-108275. Table IB, Note 55.

(iii) In the compendium Analytical Methods for the Determination of Pollutants in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry Wastewaters. July 1998. EPA 821-B-98-016, Pub. No. PB95201679. Table IF, Note 1.

(A) EPA Method 1666, Volatile Organic Compounds Specific to the Pharmaceutical Industry by Isotope Dilution GC/MS. Table IF, Note 1.

(B) EPA Method 1667, Formaldehyde, Isobutyraldehyde, and Furfural by Derivatization Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Table IF.

(iv) Methods For The Determination of Nonconventional Pesticides In Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume I. Revision I, August 1993. EPA 821-R-93-010A, Pub. No. PB 94121654. Tables ID, IG.

(A) Method 608.1, Organochlorine Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(B) Method 608.2, Certain Organochlorine Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(D) Method 614.1, Organophosphorus Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(E) Method 615, Chlorinated Herbicides. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(F) Method 617, Organohalide Pesticides and PCBs. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(G) Method 619, Triazine Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(H) Method 622, Organophosphorus Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(I) Method 622.1, Thiophosphate Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(J) Method 627, Dinitroaniline Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Notes 1 and 3.

(K) Method 629, Cyanazine. Table IG, Note 3.

(L) Method 630, Dithiocarbamate Pesticides. Table IG, Note 3.

(M) Method 630.1, Dithiocarbamate Pesticides. Table IG, Note 3.

(N) Method 631, Benomyl and Carbendazim. Table IG, Note 3.

(O) Method 632, Carbamate and Urea Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(P) Method 632.1, Carbamate and Amide Pesticides. Table IG, Note 3.

(Q) Method 633, Organonitrogen Pesticides. Table IG, Note 3.

(R) Method 633.1, Neutral Nitrogen-Containing Pesticides. Table IG, Note 3.

(S) Method 637, MBTS and TCMTB. Table IG, Note 3.

(T) Method 644, Picloram. Table IG, Note 3.

(U) Method 645, Certain Amine Pesticides and Lethane. Table IG, Note 3.

(V) Method 1656, Organohalide Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Notes 1 and 3.

(W) Method 1657, Organophosphorus Pesticides. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(X) Method 1658, Phenoxy-Acid Herbicides. Table IG, Note 3.

(Y) Method 1659, Dazomet. Table IG, Note 3.

(Z) Method 1660, Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids. Table IG, Note 3.

(AA) Method 1661, Bromoxynil. Table IG, Note 3.

(BB) Ind-01. Methods EV-024 and EV-025, Analytical Procedures for Determining Total Tin and Triorganotin in Wastewater. Table IG, Note 3.

(v) Methods For The Determination of Nonconventional Pesticides In Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume II. August 1993. EPA 821-R-93-010B, Pub. No. PB 94166311. Table IG.

(A) Method 200.9, Determination of Trace Elements by Stabilized Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Table IG, Note 3.

(B) Method 505, Analysis of Organohalide Pesticides and Commercial Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Products in Water by Microextraction and Gas Chromatography. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(C) Method 507, The Determination of Nitrogen- and Phosphorus-Containing Pesticides in Water by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(D) Method 508, Determination of Chlorinated Pesticides in Water by Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(E) Method 515.1, Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water by Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector. Table IG, Notes 2 and 3.

(F) Method 515.2, Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water Using Liquid-Solid Extraction and Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector. Table IG, Notes 2 and 3.

(G) Method 525.1, Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by Liquids-Solid Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(H) Method 531.1, Measurement of N-Methylcarbamoyloximes and N-Methylcarbamates in Water by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC with Post-Column Derivatization. Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(I) Method 547, Determination of Glyphosate in Drinking Water by Direct-Aqueous-Injection HPLC, Post-Column Derivatization, and Fluorescence Detection. Table IG, Note 3.

(J) Method 548, Determination of Endothall in Drinking Water by Aqueous Derivatization, Liquid-Solid Extraction, and Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detector. Table IG, Note 3.

(K) Method 548.1, Determination of Endothall in Drinking Water by Ion-Exchange Extraction, Acidic Methanol Methylation and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Table IG, Note 3.

(L) Method 553, Determination of Benzidines and Nitrogen-Containing Pesticides in Water by Liquid-Liquid Extraction or Liquid-Solid Extraction and Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Particle Beam/Mass Spectrometry Table ID, Note 10; Table IG, Note 3.

(M) Method 555, Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water by High Performance Liquid Chromatography With a Photodiode Array Ultraviolet Detector. Table IG, Note 3.

(vi) In the compendium Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water. Revised July 1991, December 1998. EPA-600/4-88-039, Pub. No. PB92-207703. Table IF.

(A) EPA Method 502.2, Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Purge and Trap Capillary Column Gas Chromatography with Photoionization and Electrolytic Conductivity Detectors in Series. Table IF.

(B) [Reserved]

(vii) In the compendium Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water-Supplement II. August 1992. EPA-600/R-92-129, Pub. No. PB92-207703. Table IF.

(A) EPA Method 524.2, Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Table IF.

(B) [Reserved]

(viii) Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, Fifth Edition. October 2002. EPA 821-R-02-012, Pub. No. PB2002-108488. Table IA, Note 26.

(ix) Short-Term Methods for Measuring the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms, Fourth Edition. October 2002. EPA 821-R-02-013, Pub. No. PB2002-108489. Table IA, Note 27.

(x) Short-Term Methods for Measuring the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Marine and Estuarine Organisms, Third Edition. October 2002. EPA 821-R-02-014, Pub. No. PB2002-108490. Table IA, Note 28.

(8) Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), mail code 4303T, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460; website: www.epa.gov/cwa-methods.

(i) Method 245.7, Mercury in Water by Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry. Revision 2.0, February 2005. EPA-821-R-05-001. Table IB, Note 17.

(ii) Method 1103.2: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar (mTEC), EPA-821-R-23-009. September 2023. Table IH, Note 18.

(iii) Method 1106.2: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Enterococcus-Esculin Iron Agar (mE-EIA), EPA-821-R-23-007. September 2023. Table IH, Note 22.

(iv) Method 1600.1: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Enterococcus Indoxyl-β-D-Glucoside Agar (mEI), EPA-821-R-23-006, September 2023. Table 1A, Note 24; Table IH, Note 23.

(v) Method 1603.1: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using Modified membrane-Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar (Modified mTEC), EPA-821-R-23-008, September 2023. Table IA, Note 21; Table IH, Note 19.

(vi) Method 1604: Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using a Simultaneous Detection Technique (MI Medium). September 2002. EPA-821-R-02-024. Table IH, Note 21.

(vii) Whole Effluent Toxicity Methods Errata Sheet, EPA 821-R-02-012-ES. December 2016, Table IA, Notes 25, 26, and 27.

(viii) Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA. December 2005. EPA-821-R-05-002. Table IH, Note 26.

(ix) Method 1623.1: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA. EPA 816-R-12-001. January 2012. U.S. EPA, Table IH, Notes 25 and 31.

(x) Method 1627, Kinetic Test Method for the Prediction of Mine Drainage Quality. December 2011. EPA-821-R-09-002. Table IB, Note 69.

(xi) Method 1664, n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Nonpolar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry. Revision A, February 1999. EPA-821-R-98-002. Table IB, Notes 38 and 42.

(xii) Method 1664, n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Nonpolar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry, Revision B, February 2010. EPA-821-R-10-001. Table IB, Notes 38 and 42.

(xiii) Method 1669, Sampling Ambient Water for Trace Metals at EPA Water Quality Criteria Levels. July 1996. Table IB, Note 43.

(xiv) Method 1680: Fecal Coliforms in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Multiple-Tube Fermentation using Lauryl Tryptose Broth (LTB) and EC Medium. September 2014. EPA-821-R-14-009.Table IA, Note 15.

(xv) Method 1681: Fecal Coliforms in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Multiple-Tube Fermentation using A-1 Medium. July 2006. EPA 821-R-06-013. Table IA, Note 20.

(xvi) Method 1682: Salmonella in Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) by Modified Semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) Medium. September 2014. EPA 821-R-14-012. Table IA, Note 23.

(9) American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York NY 10018.

(i) ANSI. American National Standard on Photographic Processing Effluents. April 2, 1975. Table IB, Note 9.

(ii) [Reserved]

(10) American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001; phone: (202)777-2742, website: www.standardmethods.org.

(i) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 14th Edition, 1975. Table IB, Notes 27 and 86.

(ii) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 15th Edition, 1980, Table IB, Note 30; Table ID.

(iii) Selected Analytical Methods Approved and Cited by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Supplement to the 15th Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 1981. Table IC, Note 6; Table ID, Note 6.

(iv) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 18th Edition, 1992. Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, and IH.

(v) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19th Edition, 1995. Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, and IH.

(vi) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition, 1998. Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, and IH.

(vii) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21st Edition, 2005. Table IB, Notes 17 and 27.

(viii) 2120, Color. Revised September 4, 2021. Table IB.

(ix) 2130, Turbidity. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(x) 2310, Acidity. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xi) 2320, Alkalinity. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(xii) 2340, Hardness. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(xiii) 2510, Conductivity. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(xiv) 2540, Solids. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xv) 2550, Temperature. 2010. Table IB.

(xvi) 3111, Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Revised 2019. Table IB.

(xvii) 3112, Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xviii) 3113, Metals by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xix) 3114, Arsenic and Selenium by Hydride Generation/Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Revised 2020, Table IB.

(xx) 3120, Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxi) 3125, Metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxii) 3500-Al, Aluminum. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxiii) 3500-As, Arsenic. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxiv) 3500-Ca, Calcium. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxv) 3500-Cr, Chromium. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxvi) 3500-Cu, Copper. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxvii) 3500-Fe, Iron. 2011. Table IB.

(xxviii) 3500-Pb, Lead. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxix) 3500-Mn, Manganese. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxx) 3500-K, Potassium. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxxi) 3500-Na, Sodium. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxxii) 3500-V, Vanadium. 2011. Table IB.

(xxxiii) 3500-Zn, Zinc. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxxiv) 4110, Determination of Anions by Ion Chromatography. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxxv) 4140, Inorganic Anions by Capillary Ion Electrophoresis. Revised 2020. Table IB.

(xxxvi) 4500-B, Boron. 2011. Table IB.

(xxxvii) 4500 Cl−, Chloride. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(xxxviii) 4500-Cl, Chlorine (Residual). 2011. Table IB.

(xxxix) 4500-CN−, Cyanide. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(xl) 4500-F−, Fluoride. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(xli) 4500-H
+, pH. 2021. Table IB.

(xlii) 4500-NH3, Nitrogen (Ammonia). Revised 2021. Table IB.

(xliii) 4500-NO2−, Nitrogen (Nitrite). Revised 2021. Table IB.

(xliv) 4500-NO3−, Nitrogen (Nitrate). Revised 2019. Table IB.

(xlv) 4500-N(org), Nitrogen (Organic). Revised 2021. Table IB.

(xlvi) 4500-O, Oxygen (Dissolved). Revised 2021. Table IB.

(xlvii) 4500-P, Phosphorus. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(xlviii) 4500-SiO2, Silica. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(xlix) 4500-S2−, Sulfide. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(l) 4500-SO32−, Sulfite. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(li) 4500-SO42−, Sulfate. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(lii) 5210, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Revised 2016. Table IB.

(liii) 5220, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). 2011. Table IB.

(liv) 5310, Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Revised 2014. Table IB.

(lv) 5520, Oil and Grease. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(lvi) 5530, Phenols. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(lvii) 5540, Surfactants. Revised 2021. Table IB.

(lviii) 6200, Volatile Organic Compounds. Revised 2020. Table IC.

(lix) 6410, Extractable Base/Neutrals and Acids. Revised 2020. Tables IC and ID.

(lx) 6420, Phenols. Revised 2021. Table IC.

(lxi) 6440, Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Revised 2021. Table IC.

(lxii) 6630, Organochlorine Pesticides. Revised 2021. Table ID.

(lxiii) 6640, Acidic Herbicide Compounds. Revised 2021. Table ID.

(lxiv) 7110, Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity (Total, Suspended, and Dissolved). 2000. Table IE.

(lxv) 7500, Radium. 2001. Table IE.

(lxvi) 9213, Recreational Waters. 2007. Table IH.

(lxvii) 9221, Multiple-Tube Fermentation Technique for Members of the Coliform Group. Approved 2014. Table IA, Notes 12, 14; and 33; Table IH, Notes 10, 12, and 32.

(lxviii) 9222, Membrane Filter Technique for Members of the Coliform Group. 2015. Table IA, Note 31; Table IH, Note 17.

(lxix) 9223 Enzyme Substrate Coliform Test. 2016. Table IA; Table IH.

(lxx) 9230 Fecal Enterococcus/Streptococcus Groups. 2013. Table IA, Note 32; Table IH.

(11) The Analyst, The Royal Society of Chemistry, RSC Publishing, Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WF, United Kingdom. (Also available from most public libraries.)

(i) Spectrophotometric Determination of Ammonia: A Study of a Modified Berthelot Reaction Using Salicylate and Dichloroisocyanurate. Krom, M.D. 105:305-316, April 1980. Table IB, Note 60.

(ii) [Reserved]

(12) Analytical Chemistry, ACS Publications, 1155 Sixteenth St. NW., Washington DC 20036. (Also available from most public libraries.)

(i) Spectrophotometric and Kinetics Investigation of the Berthelot Reaction for the Determination of Ammonia. Patton, C.J. and S.R. Crouch. 49(3):464-469, March 1977. Table IB, Note 60.

(ii) [Reserved]

(13) AOAC International, 481 North Frederick Avenue, Suite 500, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-2417.

(i) Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 16th Edition, 4th Revision, 1998.

(A) 920.203, Manganese in Water, Persulfate Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(B) 925.54, Sulfate in Water, Gravimetric Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(D) 973.41, pH of Water. Table IB, Note 3.

(E) 973.43, Alkalinity of Water, Titrimetric Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(F) 973.44, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of Water, Incubation Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(G) 973.45, Oxygen (Dissolved) in Water, Titrimetric Methods. Table IB, Note 3.

(H) 973.46, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Water, Titrimetric Methods. Table IB, Note 3.

(I) 973.47, Organic Carbon in Water, Infrared Analyzer Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(J) 973.48, Nitrogen (Total) in Water, Kjeldahl Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(K) 973.49, Nitrogen (Ammonia) in Water, Colorimetric Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(L) 973.50, Nitrogen (Nitrate) in Water, Brucine Colorimetric Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(M) 973.51, Chloride in Water, Mercuric Nitrate Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(N) 973.52, Hardness of Water. Table IB, Note 3.

(O) 973.53, Potassium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(P) 973.54, Sodium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(Q) 973.55, Phosphorus in Water, Photometric Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(R) 973.56, Phosphorus in Water, Automated Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(S) 974.27, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Magnesium, Manganese, Silver, Zinc in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(T) 977.22, Mercury in Water, Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(U) 991.15. Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli in Water Defined Substrate Technology (Colilert) Method. Table IA, Note 10; Table IH, Note 10.

(V) 993.14, Trace Elements in Waters and Wastewaters, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(W) 993.23, Dissolved Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water, Ground Water, and Industrial Wastewater Effluents, Ion Chromatographic Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(X) 993.30, Inorganic Anions in Water, Ion Chromatographic Method. Table IB, Note 3.

(ii) [Reserved]

(14) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street NW., Washington DC 20036. (Also available from most public libraries.)

(i) New Medium for the Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli in Water. Brenner, K.P., C.C. Rankin, Y.R. Roybal, G.N. Stelma, Jr., P.V. Scarpino, and A.P. Dufour. 59:3534-3544, November 1993. Table IH, Note 21.

(ii) [Reserved]

(15) ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959; phone: (877)909-2786; website: www.astm.org.

(i) Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Water, and Environmental Technology, Section 11, Volumes 11.01 and 11.02. 1994. Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, and IH.

(ii) Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Water, and Environmental Technology, Section 11, Volumes 11.01 and 11.02. 1996. Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, and IH.

(iii) Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Water, and Environmental Technology, Section 11, Volumes 11.01 and 11.02. 1999. Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, and IH.

(iv) Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Water, and Environmental Technology, Section 11, Volumes 11.01 and 11.02. 2000. Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, and IH.

(v) ASTM D511-14, Standard Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium in Water. Approved October 1, 2014. Table IB.

(vi) ASTM D512-12, Standard Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water. Approved June 15, 2012. Table IB.

(vii) ASTM D515-88, Test Methods for Phosphorus in Water, March 1989. Table IB.

(viii) ASTM D516-16, Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water. Approved June 1, 2016. Table IB.

(ix) ASTM D858-17, Standard Test Methods for Manganese in Water. Approved June 1, 2017. Table IB.

(x) ASTM D859-16, Standard Test Method for Silica in Water. Approved June 15, 2016. Table IB.

(xi) ASTM D888-18, Standard Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in Water. Approved May 1, 2018. Table IB.

(xii) ASTM D1067-16, Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water. Approved June 15, 2016. Table IB.

(xiii) ASTM D1068-15, Standard Test Methods for Iron in Water. Approved October 1, 2015. Table IB.

(xiv) ASTM D1125-95 (Reapproved 1999), Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water. December 1995. Table IB.

(xv) ASTM D1126-17, Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water. Approved December 1, 2017. Table IB.

(xvi) ASTM D1179-16, Standard Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water. Approved June 15, 2016. Table IB.

(xvii) ASTM D1246-16, Standard Test Method for Bromide Ion in Water. June 15, 2016. Table IB.

(xviii) ASTM D1252-06 (Reapproved 2012), Standard Test Methods for Chemical Oxygen Demand (Dichromate Oxygen Demand) of Water. Approved June 15, 2012. Table IB.

(xix) ASTM D1253-14, Standard Test Method for Residual Chlorine in Water. Approved January 15, 2014. Table IB.

(xx) ASTM D1293-18, Standard Test Methods for pH of Water. Approved January 15, 2018. Table IB.

(xxi) ASTM D1426-15, Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen in Water. Approved March 15, 2015. Table IB.

(xxii) ASTM D1687-17, Standard Test Methods for Chromium in Water. Approved June 1, 2017. Table IB.

(xxiii) ASTM D1688-17, Standard Test Methods for Copper in Water. Approved June 1, 2017. Table IB.

(xxiv) ASTM D1691-17, Standard Test Methods for Zinc in Water. Approved June 1, 2017. Table IB.

(xxv) ASTM D1783-01 (Reapproved 2012), Standard Test Methods for Phenolic Compounds in Water. Approved June 15, 2012. Table IB.

(xxvi) ASTM D1886-14, Standard Test Methods for Nickel in Water. Approved October 1, 2014. Table IB.

(xxvii) ASTM D1889-00, Standard Test Method for Turbidity of Water. October 2000. Table IB.

(xxviii) ASTM D1890-96, Standard Test Method for Beta Particle Radioactivity of Water. April 1996. Table IE.

(xxix) ASTM D1943-96, Standard Test Method for Alpha Particle Radioactivity of Water. April 1996. Table IE.

(xxx) ASTM D1976-20, Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. Approved May 1, 2020. Table IB.

(xxxi) ASTM D2036-09 (Reapproved 2015), Standard Test Methods for Cyanides in Water. Approved July 15, 2015. Table IB.

(xxxii) ASTM D2330-20, Standard Test Method for Methylene Blue Active Substances. Approved January 1, 2020. Table 1B.

(xxxiii) ASTM D2460-97, Standard Test Method for Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes of Radium in Water. October 1997. Table IE.

(xxxiv) ASTM D2972-15, Standard Tests Method for Arsenic in Water. Approved February 1, 2015. Table IB.

(xxxv) ASTM D3223-17, Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Water. Approved June 1, 2017. Table IB.

(xxxvi) ASTM D3371-95, Standard Test Method for Nitriles in Aqueous Solution by Gas-Liquid Chromatography, February 1996. Table IF.

(xxxvii) ASTM D3373-17, Standard Test Method for Vanadium in Water. Approved June 1, 2017. Table IB.

(xxxviii) ASTM D3454-97, Standard Test Method for Radium-226 in Water. February 1998. Table IE.

(xxxix) ASTM D3557-17, Standard Test Method for Cadmium in Water. Approved June 1, 2017. Table IB.

(xl) ASTM D3558-15, Standard Test Method for Cobalt in Water. Approved February 1, 2015. Table IB.

(xli) ASTM D3559-15, Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water. Approved June 1, 2015. Table IB.

(xlii) ASTM D3590-17, Standard Test Methods for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water. Approved June 1, 2017. Table IB.

(xliii) ASTM D3645-15, Standard Test Methods for Beryllium in Water. Approved February 1, 2015. Table IB.

(xliv) ASTM D3695-95, Standard Test Method for Volatile Alcohols in Water by Direct Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography. April 1995. Table IF.

(xlv) ASTM D3859-15, Standard Test Methods for Selenium in Water. Approved March 15, 2015. Table IB.

(xlvi) ASTM D3867-16, Standard Test Method for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water. Approved June 1, 2016. Table IB.

(xlvii) ASTM D4190-15, Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Direct- Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. Approved February 1, 2015. Table IB.

(xlviii) ASTM D4282-15, Standard Test Method for Determination of Free Cyanide in Water and Wastewater by Microdiffusion. Approved July 15, 2015. Table IB.

(xlix) ASTM D4327-17, Standard Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography. Approved December 1, 2017. Table IB.

(l) ASTM D4382-18, Standard Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace. Approved February 1, 2018. Table IB.

(li) ASTM D4657-92 (Reapproved 1998), Standard Test Method for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water. January 1993. Table IC.

(lii) ASTM D4658-15, Standard Test Method for Sulfide Ion in Water. Approved March 15, 2015. Table IB.

(liii) ASTM D4763-88 (Reapproved 2001), Standard Practice for Identification of Chemicals in Water by Fluorescence Spectroscopy. September 1988. Table IF.

(liv) ASTM D4839-03 (Reapproved 2017), Standard Test Method for Total Carbon and Organic Carbon in Water by Ultraviolet, or Persulfate Oxidation, or Both, and Infrared Detection. Approved December 15, 2017. Table IB.

(lv) ASTM D5257-17, Standard Test Method for Dissolved Hexavalent Chromium in Water by Ion Chromatography. Approved December 1, 2017. Table IB.

(lvi) ASTM D5259-92, Standard Test Method for Isolation and Enumeration of Enterococci from Water by the Membrane Filter Procedure. October 1992. Table IH, Note 9.

(lvii) ASTM D5392-93, Standard Test Method for Isolation and Enumeration of Escherichia coli in Water by the Two-Step Membrane Filter Procedure. September 1993. Table IH, Note 9.

(lviii) ASTM D5673-16, Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry. Approved February 1, 2016. Table IB.

(lix) ASTM D5907-18, Standard Test Methods for Filterable Matter (Total Dissolved Solids) and Nonfilterable Matter (Total Suspended Solids) in Water. Approved May 1, 2018. Table IB.

(lx) ASTM D6503-99, Standard Test Method for Enterococci in Water Using Enterolert. April 2000. Table IA Note 9, Table IH, Note 9.

(lxi) ASTM. D6508-15, Standard Test Method for Determination of Dissolved Inorganic Anions in Aqueous Matrices Using Capillary Ion Electrophoresis and Chromate Electrolyte. Approved October 1, 2015. Table IB, Note 54.

(lxii) ASTM. D6888-16, Standard Test Method for Available Cyanides with Ligand Displacement and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Utilizing Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection. Approved February 1, 2016. Table IB, Note 59.

(lxiii) ASTM. D6919-17, Standard Test Method for Determination of Dissolved Alkali and Alkaline Earth Cations and Ammonium in Water and Wastewater by Ion Chromatography. Approved June 1, 2017. Table IB.

(lxiv) ASTM. D7065-17, Standard Test Method for Determination of Nonylphenol, Bisphenol A, p-tert-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate and Nonylphenol Diethoxylate in Environmental Waters by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Approved December 15, 2017. Table IC.

(lxv) ASTM D7237-18, Standard Test Method for Free Cyanide with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Utilizing Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection. Approved December 1, 2018. Table IB.

(lxvi) ASTM D7284-20, Standard Test Method for Total Cyanide in Water by Micro Distillation followed by Flow Injection Analysis with Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection. Approved August 1, 2020. Table IB.

(lxvii) ASTM D7365-09a (Reapproved 2015), Standard Practice for Sampling, Preservation and Mitigating Interferences in Water Samples for Analysis of Cyanide. Approved July 15, 2015. Table II, Notes 5 and 6.

(lxviii) ASTM. D7511-12 (Reapproved 2017)
e1, Standard Test Method for Total Cyanide by Segmented Flow Injection Analysis, In-Line Ultraviolet Digestion and Amperometric Detection. Approved July 1, 2017. Table IB.

(lxix) ASTM D7573-18a
e1, Standard Test Method for Total Carbon and Organic Carbon in Water by High Temperature Catalytic Combustion and Infrared Detection. Approved December 15, 2018. Table IB.

(lxx) ASTM D7781-14, Standard Test Method for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water by Nitrate Reductase, Approved April 1, 2014. Table IB.

(16) Bran & Luebbe Analyzing Technologies, Inc., Elmsford NY 10523.

(i) Industrial Method Number 378-75WA, Hydrogen Ion (pH) Automated Electrode Method, Bran & Luebbe (Technicon) Auto Analyzer II. October 1976. Table IB, Note 21.

(ii) [Reserved]

(17) CEM Corporation, P.O. Box 200, Matthews NC 28106-0200.

(i) Closed Vessel Microwave Digestion of Wastewater Samples for Determination of Metals. April 16, 1992. Table IB, Note 36.

(ii) [Reserved]

(18) Craig R. Chinchilla, 900 Jorie Blvd., Suite 35, Oak Brook IL 60523. Telephone: 630-645-0600.

(i) Nitrate by Discrete Analysis Easy (1-Reagent) Nitrate Method, (Colorimetric, Automated, 1 Reagent). Revision 1, November 12, 2011. Table IB, Note 62.

(ii) [Reserved]

(19) FIAlab Instruments, Inc., 334 2151 N. Northlake Way, Seattle, WA 98103; phone: (425)376-0450; website: www.flowinjection.com/app-notes/epafialab100.

(i) FIAlab 100, Determination of Inorganic Ammonia by Continuous Flow Gas Diffusion and Fluorescence Detector Analysis, April 4, 2018. Table IB, Note 82.

(ii) [Reserved]

(20) Hach Company, P.O. Box 389, Loveland CO 80537.

(i) Method 8000, Chemical Oxygen Demand. Hach Handbook of Water Analysis. 1979. Table IB, Note 14.

(ii) Method 8008, 1,10-Phenanthroline Method using FerroVer Iron Reagent for Water. 1980. Table IB, Note 22.

(iii) Method 8009, Zincon Method for Zinc. Hach Handbook for Water Analysis. 1979. Table IB, Note 33.

(iv) Method 8034, Periodate Oxidation Method for Manganese. Hach Handbook for Water Analysis. 1979. Table IB, Note 23.

(v) Method 8506, Bicinchoninate Method for Copper. Hach Handbook of Water Analysis. 1979. Table IB, Note 19.

(vi) Method 8507, Nitrogen, Nitrite—Low Range, Diazotization Method for Water and Wastewater. 1979. Table IB, Note 25.

(vii) Method 10206, Hach Company TNTplus 835/836 Nitrate Method 10206, Spectrophotometric Measurement of Nitrate in Water and Wastewater. Revision 2.1, January 10, 2013. Table IB, Note 75.

(viii) Method 10242, Hach Company TNTplus 880 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Method 10242, Simplified Spectrophotometric Measurement of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water and Wastewater. Revision 1.1, January 10, 2013. Table IB, Note 76.

(ix) Hach Method 10360, Luminescence Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen in Water and Wastewater and for Use in the Determination of BOD5 and cBOD5. Revision 1.2, October 2011. Table IB, Note 63.

(x) m-ColiBlue24® Method, for total Coliforms and E. coli. Revision 2, 1999. Table IA, Note 18; Table IH, Note 17.

(21) IDEXX Laboratories Inc., One Idexx Drive, Westbrook ME 04092.

(i) Colilert. 2013. Table IA, Notes 17 and 18; Table IH, Notes 14, 15 and 16.

(ii) Colilert-18. 2013. Table IA, Notes 17 and 18; Table IH, Notes 14, 15 and 16.

(iii) Enterolert. 2013. Table IA, Note 24; Table IH, Note 12.

(iv) Quanti-Tray Insert and Most Probable Number (MPN) Table. 2013. Table IA, Note 18; Table IH, Notes 14 and 16.

(22) In-Situ Incorporated, 221 E. Lincoln Ave., Ft. Collins CO 80524. Telephone: 970-498-1500.

(i) In-Situ Inc. Method 1002-8-2009, Dissolved Oxygen Measurement by Optical Probe. 2009. Table IB, Note 64.

(ii) In-Situ Inc. Method 1003-8-2009, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Measurement by Optical Probe. 2009. Table IB, Note 10.

(iii) In-Situ Inc. Method 1004-8-2009, Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD) Measurement by Optical Probe. 2009. Table IB, Note 35.

(23) Journal of Chromatography, Elsevier/North-Holland, Inc., Journal Information Centre, 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York NY 10164. (Also available from most public libraries.

(i) Direct Determination of Elemental Phosphorus by Gas-Liquid Chromatography. Addison, R.F. and R.G. Ackman. 47(3): 421-426, 1970. Table IB, Note 28.

(ii) [Reserved]

(24) Lachat Instruments, 6645 W. Mill Road, Milwaukee WI 53218, Telephone: 414-358-4200.

(i) QuikChem Method 10-204-00-1-X, Digestion and Distillation of Total Cyanide in Drinking and Wastewaters using MICRO DIST and Determination of Cyanide by Flow Injection Analysis. Revision 2.2, March 2005. Table IB, Note 56.

(ii) [Reserved]

(25) Leck Mitchell, Ph.D., P.E., 656 Independence Valley Dr., Grand Junction CO 81507. Telephone: 970-244-8661.

(i) Mitchell Method M5271, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 1.0, July 31, 2008. Table IB, Note 66.

(ii) Mitchell Method M5331, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 1.0, July 31, 2008. Table IB, Note 65.

(26) MACHEREY-NAGEL GmbH and Co., 2850 Emrick Blvd., Bethlehem, PA 18020; Phone: (888)321-6224.

(i) Method 036/038 NANOCOLOR® COD LR/HR, Spectrophotometric Measurement of Chemical Oxygen Demand in Water and Wastewater, Revision 1.5, May 2018. Table IB, Note 83.

(ii) [Reserved]

(27) Micrology Laboratories, LLC (now known as Roth Bioscience, LLC), 1303 Eisenhower Drive, Goshen, IN 46526; phone: (574)533-3351.

(i) KwikCount
TM EC Medium E. coli enzyme substrate test, Rapid Detection of E. coli in Beach Water By KwikCount
TM EC Membrane Filtration. 2014. Table IH, Notes 28 and 29.

(ii) [Reserved]

(28) National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvements, Inc. (NCASI), 260 Madison Avenue, New York NY 10016.

(i) NCASI Method TNTP-W10900, Total Nitrogen and Total Phophorus in Pulp and Paper Biologically Treated Effluent by Alkaline Persulfate Digestion. June 2011. Table IB, Note 77.

(ii) NCASI Technical Bulletin No. 253, An Investigation of Improved Procedures for Measurement of Mill Effluent and Receiving Water Color. December 1971. Table IB, Note 18.

(iii) NCASI Technical Bulletin No. 803, An Update of Procedures for the Measurement of Color in Pulp Mill Wastewaters. May 2000. Table IB, Note 18.

(29) The Nitrate Elimination Co., Inc. (NECi), 334 Hecla St., Lake Linden NI 49945.

(i) NECi Method N07-0003, Method for Nitrate Reductase Nitrate-Nitrogen Analysis. Revision 9.0. March 2014. Table IB, Note 73.

(ii) [Reserved]

(30) Oceanography International Corporation, 512 West Loop, P.O. Box 2980, College Station TX 77840.

(i) OIC Chemical Oxygen Demand Method. 1978. Table IB, Note 13.

(ii) [Reserved]

(31) OI Analytical, Box 9010, College Station TX 77820-9010.

(ii) Method PAI-DK01, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion, Steam Distillation, Titrimetric Detection. Revised December 22, 1994. Table IB, Note 39.

(iii) Method PAI-DK02, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion, Steam Distillation, Colorimetric Detection. Revised December 22, 1994. Table IB, Note 40.

(iv) Method PAI-DK03, Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, Block Digestion, Automated FIA Gas Diffusion. Revised December 22, 1994. Table IB, Note 41.

(32) ORION Research Corporation, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.

(i) ORION Research Instruction Manual, Residual Chlorine Electrode Model 97-70. 1977. Table IB, Note 16.

(ii) [Reserved]

(33) Pace Analytical Services, LLC, 1800 Elm Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414; phone: (612)656-2240.

(i) PAM-16130-SSI, Determination of 2,3,7,8-Substituted Tetra- through Octa-Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (CDDs/CDFs) Using Shimadzu Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), Revision 1.1, May 20, 2022. Table IC, Note 17.

(ii) [Reserved]

(34) SGS AXYS Analytical Services, Ltd., 2045 Mills Road, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada, V8L 5X2; phone: (888)373-0881.

(i) SGS AXYS Method 16130, Determination of 2,3,7,8-Substituted Tetra- through Octa-Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (CDDs/CDFs) Using Waters and Agilent Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS)., Revision 1.0, revised August 2020. Table IC, Note 16.

(ii) [Reserved]

(35) Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown NY 10591.

(i) Industrial Method Number 379-75WE Ammonia, Automated Electrode Method, Technicon Auto Analyzer II. February 19, 1976. Table IB, Note 7.

(ii) [Reserved]

(36) Thermo Jarrell Ash Corporation, 27 Forge Parkway, Franklin MA 02038.

(i) Method AES0029. Direct Current Plasma (DCP) Optical Emission Spectrometric Method for Trace Elemental Analysis of Water and Wastes. 1986, Revised 1991. Table IB, Note 34.

(ii) [Reserved]

(37) Thermo Scientific, 166 Cummings Center, Beverly MA 01915. Telephone: 1-800-225-1480. www.thermoscientific.com.

(i) Thermo Scientific Orion Method AQ4500, Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. Revision 5, March 12, 2009. Table IB, Note 67.

(ii) [Reserved]

(38) 3M Corporation, 3M Center Building 220-9E-10, St. Paul MN 55144-1000.

(i) Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in Wastewater Using Empore
TM Disk” Test Method 3M 0222. Revised October 28, 1994. Table IC, Note 8; Table ID, Note 8.

(ii) [Reserved]

(39) Timberline Instruments, LLC, 1880 South Flatiron Ct., Unit I, Boulder CO 80301.

(i) Timberline Amonia-001, Determination of Inorganic Ammonia by Continuous Flow Gas Diffusion and Conductivity Cell Analysis. June 24, 2011. Table IB, Note 74.

(ii) [Reserved]

(40) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior, Reston, Virginia. Available from USGS Books and Open-File Reports (OFR) Section, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225; phone: (703)648-5953; website: ww.usgs.gov.

(i) Colorimetric determination of nitrate plus nitrite in water by enzymatic reduction, automated discrete analyzer methods. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, Book 5—Laboratory Analysis, Section B—Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory, Chapter 8. 2011. Table IB, Note 72.

(ii) Techniques and Methods—Book 5, Laboratory Analysis—Section B, Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory—Chapter 12, Determination of Heat Purgeable and Ambient Purgeable Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry 2016.

(iii) Methods for Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, editors, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A1. 1979. Table IB, Note 8.

(iv) Methods for Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A1. 1989. Table IB, Notes 2 and 79.

(v) Methods for the Determination of Organic Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments. Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A3. 1987. Table IB, Note 24; Table ID, Note 4.

(vi) OFR 76-177, Selected Methods of the U.S. Geological Survey of Analysis of Wastewaters. 1976. Table IE, Note 2.

(vii) OFR 91-519, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Organonitrogen Herbicides in Water by Solid-Phase Extraction and Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry With Selected-Ion Monitoring. 1992. Table ID, Note 14.

(viii) OFR 92-146, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Total Phosphorus by a Kjeldahl Digestion Method and an Automated Colorimetric Finish That Includes Dialysis. 1992. Table IB, Note 48.

(ix) OFR 93-125, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments. 1993. Table IB, Notes 51 and 80; Table IC, Note 9.

(x) OFR 93-449, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Chromium in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 1993. Table IB, Note 46.

(xi) OFR 94-37, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Triazine and Other Nitrogen-containing Compounds by Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen Phosphorus Detectors. 1994. Table ID, Note 9.

(xii) OFR 95-181, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Pesticides in Water by C-18 Solid-Phase Extraction and Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry With Selected-Ion Monitoring. 1995. Table ID, Note 11.

(xiii) OFR 97-198, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Molybdenum in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. 1997. Table IB, Note 47.

(xiv) OFR 97-829, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of 86 Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Including Detections Less Than Reporting Limits. 1998. Table IC, Note 13.

(xv) OFR 98-165, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Elements in Whole-Water Digests Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. 1998. Table IB, Notes 50 and 81.

(xvi) OFR 98-639, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Arsenic and Selenium in Water and Sediment by Graphite Furnace—Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. 1999. Table IB, Note 49.

(xvii) OFR 00-170, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Ammonium Plus Organic Nitrogen by a Kjeldahl Digestion Method and an Automated Photometric Finish that Includes Digest Cleanup by Gas Diffusion. 2000. Table IB, Note 45.

(xviii) Techniques and Methods Book 5-B1, Determination of Elements in Natural-Water, Biota, Sediment and Soil Samples Using Collision/Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Chapter 1, Section B, Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory, Book 5, Laboratory Analysis. 2006. Table IB, Note 70.

(xix) U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 5, Laboratory Analysis, Chapter A4, Methods for Collection and Analysis of Aquatic Biological and Microbiological Samples. 1989. Table IA, Note 4; Table IH, Note 4.

(xx) Water-Resources Investigation Report 01-4098, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Moderate-Use Pesticides and Selected Degradates in Water by C-18 Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 2001. Table ID, Note 13.

(xxi) Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4132, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Organic Plus Inorganic Mercury in Filtered and Unfiltered Natural Water With Cold Vapor-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry. 2001. Table IB, Note 71.

(xxii) Water-Resources Investigation Report 01-4134, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—Determination of Pesticides in Water by Graphitized Carbon-Based Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 2001. Table ID, Note 12.

(xxiii) Water Temperature—Influential Factors, Field Measurement and Data Presentation, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 1, Chapter D1. 1975. Table IB, Note 32.

(41) Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford MA 01757, Telephone: 508-482-2131, Fax: 508-482-3625.

(i) Method D6508, Test Method for Determination of Dissolved Inorganic Anions in Aqueous Matrices Using Capillary Ion Electrophoresis and Chromate Electrolyte. Revision 2, December 2000. Table IB, Note 54.

(ii) [Reserved]

(c) Under certain circumstances, the Director may establish limitations on the discharge of a parameter for which there is no test procedure in this part or in 40 CFR parts 405 through 499. In these instances the test procedure shall be specified by the Director.

(d) Under certain circumstances, the Administrator may approve additional alternate test procedures for nationwide use, upon recommendation by the Alternate Test Procedure Program Coordinator, Washington, DC.

(e) Sample preservation procedures, container materials, and maximum allowable holding times for parameters are cited in Tables IA, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF, IG, and IH are prescribed in Table II. Information in the table takes precedence over information in specific methods or elsewhere. Any person may apply for a change from the prescribed preservation techniques, container materials, and maximum holding times applicable to samples taken from a specific discharge. Applications for such limited use changes may be made by letters to the Regional Alternative Test Procedure (ATP) Program Coordinator or the permitting authority in the Region in which the discharge will occur. Sufficient data should be provided to assure such changes in sample preservation, containers or holding times do not adversely affect the integrity of the sample. The Regional ATP Coordinator or permitting authority will review the application and then notify the applicant and the appropriate State agency of approval or rejection of the use of the alternate test procedure. A decision to approve or deny any request on deviations from the prescribed Table II requirements will be made within 90 days of receipt of the application by the Regional Administrator. An analyst may not modify any sample preservation and/or holding time requirements of an approved method unless the requirements of this section are met.

Table II—Required Containers, Preservation Techniques, and Holding Times

Parameter number/name	Container 1	Preservation 2 3	Maximum holding time 4
Table IA—Bacterial Tests
1-4. Coliform, total, fecal, and E. coli	PA, G	Cool, 2S2O3 5	8 hours.22 23
5. Fecal streptococci	PA, G	Cool, 2S2O3 5	8 hours.22
6. Enterococci	PA, G	Cool, 2S2O3 5	8 hours.22
7. Salmonella	PA, G	Cool, 2S2O3 5	8 hours.22
Table IA—Aquatic Toxicity Tests
8-11. Toxicity, acute and chronic	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 16	36 hours.
Table IB—Inorganic Tests
1. Acidity	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	14 days.
2. Alkalinity	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	14 days.
4. Ammonia	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, H2SO4 to pH	28 days.
9. Biochemical oxygen demand	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	48 hours.
10. Boron	P, FP, or Quartz	HNO3 to pH	6 months.
11. Bromide	P, FP, G	None required	28 days.
14. Biochemical oxygen demand, carbonaceous	P, FP G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	48 hours.
15. Chemical oxygen demand	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, H2SO4 to pH	28 days.
16. Chloride	P, FP, G	None required	28 days.
17. Chlorine, total residual	P, G	None required	Analyze within 15 minutes.
21. Color	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	48 hours.
23-24. Cyanide, total or available (or CATC) and free	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, NaOH to pH >10 5 6, reducing agent if oxidizer present	14 days.
25. Fluoride	P	None required	28 days.
27. Hardness	P, FP, G	HNO3 or H2SO4 to pH	6 months.
28. Hydrogen ion (pH)	P, FP, G	None required	Analyze within 15 minutes.
31, 43. Kjeldahl and organic N	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, H2SO4 to pH	28 days.
Table IB—Metals 7
18. Chromium VI	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, pH = 9.3-9.7 20	28 days.
35. Mercury (CVAA)	P, FP, G	HNO3 to pH	28 days.
35. Mercury (CVAFS)	FP, G; and FP-lined cap 17	5 mL/L 12N HCl or 5 mL/L BrCl 17	90 days.17
3, 5-8, 12, 13, 19, 20, 22, 26, 29, 30, 32-34, 36, 37, 45, 47, 51, 52, 58-60, 62, 63, 70-72, 74, 75. Metals, except boron, chromium VI, and mercury	P, FP, G	HNO3 to pH 19	6 months.
38. Nitrate	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	48 hours.
39. Nitrate-nitrite	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, H2SO4 to pH	28 days.
40. Nitrite	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	48 hours.
41. Oil and grease	G	Cool to ≤6 °C 18, HCl or H2SO4 to pH	28 days.
42. Organic Carbon	P, FP, G	Cool to ≤6 °C 18, HCl, H2SO4, or H3PO4 to pH	28 days.
44. Orthophosphate	P, FP, G	Cool, to ≤6 °C 18 24	Filter within 15 minutes; Analyze within 48 hours.
46. Oxygen, Dissolved Probe	G, Bottle and top	None required	Analyze within 15 minutes.
47. Winkler	G, Bottle and top	Fix on site and store in dark	8 hours.
48. Phenols	G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, H2SO4 to pH	28 days.
49. Phosphorus (elemental)	G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	48 hours.
50. Phosphorus, total	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, H2SO4 to pH	28 days.
53. Residue, total	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	7 days.
54. Residue, Filterable (TDS)	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	7 days.
55. Residue, Nonfilterable (TSS)	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	7 days.
56. Residue, Settleable	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	48 hours.
57. Residue, Volatile	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	7 days.
61. Silica	P or Quartz	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	28 days.
64. Specific conductance	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	28 days.
65. Sulfate	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	28 days.
66. Sulfide	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, add zinc acetate plus sodium hydroxide to pH >9	7 days.
67. Sulfite	P, FP, G	None required	Analyze within 15 minutes.
68. Surfactants	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	48 hours.
69. Temperature	P, FP, G	None required	Analyze within 15 minutes.
73. Turbidity	P, FP, G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	48 hours.
Table IC—Organic Tests 8
13, 18-20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 34-37, 39-43, 45-47, 56, 76, 104, 105, 108-111, 113. Purgeable Halocarbons	G, FP-lined septum	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, 0.008% Na2S2O3 5, HCl to pH 2 9	14 days.9
26. 2-Chloroethylvinyl ether	G, FP-lined septum	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, 0.008% Na2S2O3 5	14 days.
6, 57, 106. Purgeable aromatic hydrocarbons	G, FP-lined septum	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, 0.008% Na2S2O3 5, HCl to pH 2 9	14 days.9
3, 4. Acrolein and acrylonitrile	G, FP-lined septum	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, 0.008% Na2S2O3, pH to 4-5 10	14 days.10
23, 30, 44, 49, 53, 77, 80, 81, 98, 100, 112. Phenols 11	G, FP-lined cap	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, 0.008% Na2S2O3	7 days until extraction, 40 days after extraction.
7, 38. Benzidines 11 12	G, FP-lined cap	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, 0.008% Na2S2O3 5	7 days until extraction.13
14, 17, 48, 50-52. Phthalate esters 11	G, FP-lined cap	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	7 days until extraction, 40 days after extraction.
82-84. Nitrosamines 11 14	G, FP-lined cap	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, store in dark, 0.008% Na2S2O3 5	7 days until extraction, 40 days after extraction.
88-94. PCBs 11	G, FP-lined cap	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	1 year until extraction, 1 year after extraction.
54, 55, 75, 79. Nitroaromatics and isophorone 11	G, FP-lined cap	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, store in dark, 0.008% Na2S2O3 5	7 days until extraction, 40 days after extraction.
1, 2, 5, 8-12, 32, 33, 58, 59, 74, 78, 99, 101. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons 11	G, FP-lined cap	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, store in dark, 0.008% Na2S2O3 5	7 days until extraction, 40 days after extraction.
15, 16, 21, 31, 87. Haloethers 11	G, FP-lined cap	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, 0.008% Na2S2O3 5	7 days until extraction, 40 days after extraction.
29, 35-37, 63-65, 73, 107. Chlorinated hydrocarbons 11	G, FP-lined cap	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	7 days until extraction, 40 days after extraction.
60-62, 66-72, 85, 86, 95-97, 102, 103. CDDs/CDFs 11	G	See footnote 11	See footnote 11.
Aqueous Samples: Field and Lab Preservation	G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, 0.008% Na2S2O3 5, pH	1 year.
Solids and Mixed-Phase Samples: Field Preservation	G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	7 days.
Tissue Samples: Field Preservation	G	Cool, ≤6 °C 18	24 hours.
Solids, Mixed-Phase, and Tissue Samples: Lab Preservation	G	Freeze, ≤−10 °C	1 year.
114-118. Alkylated phenols	G	Cool, 2SO4 to pH	28 days until extraction, 40 days after extraction.
119. Adsorbable Organic Halides (AOX)	G	Cool, 2S2O3, HNO3 to pH	Hold at least 3 days, but not more than 6 months.
120. Chlorinated Phenolics	G, FP-lined cap	Cool, 2S2O3, H2SO4 to pH	30 days until acetylation, 30 days after acetylation.
Table ID—Pesticides Tests
1-70. Pesticides 11	G, FP-lined cap	Cool, ≤6 °C 18, pH 5-9 15	7 days until extraction, 40 days after extraction.
Table IE—Radiological Tests
1-5. Alpha, beta, and radium	P, FP, G	HNO3 to pH	6 months.
Table IH—Bacterial Tests
1, 2. Coliform, total, fecal	PA, G	Cool, 2S2O3 5	8 hours.22
3.E. coli	PA, G	Cool, 2S2O3 5	8 hours.22
4. Fecal streptococci	PA, G	Cool, 2S2O3 5	8 hours.22
5. Enterococci	PA, G	Cool, 2S2O3 5	8 hours.22
Table IH—Protozoan Tests
6. Cryptosporidium	LDPE; field filtration	1-10 °C	96 hours.21
7. Giardia	LDPE; field filtration	1-10 °C	96 hours.21

1 ”P” is for polyethylene; “FP” is fluoropolymer (polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]; Teflon®), or other fluoropolymer, unless stated otherwise in this Table II; “G” is glass; “PA” is any plastic that is made of a sterilizable material (polypropylene or other autoclavable plastic); “LDPE” is low density polyethylene.

2 Except where noted in this Table II and the method for the parameter, preserve each grab sample within 15 minutes of collection. For a composite sample collected with an automated sample (e.g., using a 24-hour composite sample; see 40 CFR 122.21(g)(7)(i) or 40 CFR part 403, appendix E), refrigerate the sample at ≤6 °C during collection unless specified otherwise in this Table II or in the method(s). For a composite sample to be split into separate aliquots for preservation and/or analysis, maintain the sample at ≤6 °C, unless specified otherwise in this Table II or in the method(s), until collection, splitting, and preservation is completed. Add the preservative to the sample container prior to sample collection when the preservative will not compromise the integrity of a grab sample, a composite sample, or aliquot split from a composite sample within 15 minutes of collection. If a composite measurement is required but a composite sample would compromise sample integrity, individual grab samples must be collected at prescribed time intervals (e.g., 4 samples over the course of a day, at 6-hour intervals). Grab samples must be analyzed separately and the concentrations averaged. Alternatively, grab samples may be collected in the field and composited in the laboratory if the compositing procedure produces results equivalent to results produced by arithmetic averaging of results of analysis of individual grab samples. For examples of laboratory compositing procedures, see EPA Method 1664 Rev. A (oil and grease) and the procedures at 40 CFR 141.24(f)(14)(iv) and (v) (volatile organics).

3 When any sample is to be shipped by common carrier or sent via the U.S. Postal Service, it must comply with the Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR part 172). The person offering such material for transportation is responsible for ensuring such compliance. For the preservation requirement of Table II, the Office of Hazardous Materials, Materials Transportation Bureau, Department of Transportation has determined that the Hazardous Materials Regulations do not apply to the following materials: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.04% by weight or less (pH about 1.96 or greater; Nitric acid (HNO3) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.15% by weight or less (pH about 1.62 or greater); Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.35% by weight or less (pH about 1.15 or greater); and Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in water solutions at concentrations of 0.080% by weight or less (pH about 12.30 or less).

4 Samples should be analyzed as soon as possible after collection. The times listed are the maximum times that samples may be held before the start of analysis and still be considered valid. Samples may be held for longer periods only if the permittee or monitoring laboratory have data on file to show that, for the specific types of samples under study, the analytes are stable for the longer time, and has received a variance from the Regional ATP Coordinator under § 136.3(e). For a grab sample, the holding time begins at the time of collection. For a composite sample collected with an automated sampler (e.g., using a 24-hour composite sampler; see 40 CFR 122.21(g)(7)(i) or 40 CFR part 403, appendix E), the holding time begins at the time of the end of collection of the composite sample. For a set of grab samples composited in the field or laboratory, the holding time begins at the time of collection of the last grab sample in the set. Some samples may not be stable for the maximum time period given in the table. A permittee or monitoring laboratory is obligated to hold the sample for a shorter time if it knows that a shorter time is necessary to maintain sample stability. See § 136.3(e) for details. The date and time of collection of an individual grab sample is the date and time at which the sample is collected. For a set of grab samples to be composited, and that are all collected on the same calendar date, the date of collection is the date on which the samples are collected. For a set of grab samples to be composited, and that are collected across two calendar dates, the date of collection is the dates of the two days; e.g., November 14-15. For a composite sample collected automatically on a given date, the date of collection is the date on which the sample is collected. For a composite sample collected automatically, and that is collected across two calendar dates, the date of collection is the dates of the two days; e.g., November 14-15. For static-renewal toxicity tests, each grab or composite sample may also be used to prepare test solutions for renewal at 24 h, 48 h, and/or 72 h after first use, if stored at 0-6 °C, with minimum head space.

5 ASTM D7365-09a (15) specifies treatment options for samples containing oxidants (e.g., chlorine) for cyanide analyses. Also, Section 9060A of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (23rd edition) addresses dechlorination procedures for microbiological analyses.

6 Sampling, preservation and mitigating interferences in water samples for analysis of cyanide are described in ASTM D7365-09a (15). There may be interferences that are not mitigated by the analytical test methods or D7365-09a (15). Any technique for removal or suppression of interference may be employed, provided the laboratory demonstrates that it more accurately measures cyanide through quality control measures described in the analytical test method. Any removal or suppression technique not described in D7365-09a (15) or the analytical test method must be documented along with supporting data.

7 For dissolved metals, filter grab samples within 15 minutes of collection and before adding preservatives. For a composite sample collected with an automated sampler (e.g., using a 24-hour composite sampler; see 40 CFR 122.21(g)(7)(i) or 40 CFR part 403, appendix E), filter the sample within 15 minutes after completion of collection and before adding preservatives. If it is known or suspected that dissolved sample integrity will be compromised during collection of a composite sample collected automatically over time (e.g., by interchange of a metal between dissolved and suspended forms), collect and filter grab samples to be composited (footnote 2) in place of a composite sample collected automatically.

8 Guidance applies to samples to be analyzed by GC, LC, or GC/MS for specific compounds.

9 If the sample is not adjusted to pH 2, then the sample must be analyzed within seven days of sampling.

10 The pH adjustment is not required if acrolein will not be measured. Samples for acrolein receiving no pH adjustment must be analyzed within 3 days of sampling.

11 When the extractable analytes of concern fall within a single chemical category, the specified preservative and maximum holding times should be observed for optimum safeguard of sample integrity (i.e., use all necessary preservatives and hold for the shortest time listed). When the analytes of concern fall within two or more chemical categories, the sample may be preserved by cooling to ≤6 °C, reducing residual chlorine with 0.008% sodium thiosulfate, storing in the dark, and adjusting the pH to 6-9; samples preserved in this manner may be held for seven days before extraction and for forty days after extraction. Exceptions to this optional preservation and holding time procedure are noted in footnote 5 (regarding the requirement for thiosulfate reduction), and footnotes 12, 13 (regarding the analysis of benzidine).

12 If 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is likely to be present, adjust the pH of the sample to 4.0 ± 0.2 to prevent rearrangement to benzidine.

13 Extracts may be stored up to 30 days at

14 For the analysis of diphenylnitrosamine, add 0.008% Na2S2O3 and adjust pH to 7-10 with NaOH within 24 hours of sampling.

15 The pH adjustment may be performed upon receipt at the laboratory and may be omitted if the samples are extracted within 72 hours of collection. For the analysis of aldrin, add 0.008% Na2S2O3.

16 Place sufficient ice with the samples in the shipping container to ensure that ice is still present when the samples arrive at the laboratory. However, even if ice is present when the samples arrive, immediately measure the temperature of the samples and confirm that the preservation temperature maximum has not been exceeded. In the isolated cases where it can be documented that this holding temperature cannot be met, the permittee can be given the option of on-site testing or can request a variance. The request for a variance should include supportive data which show that the toxicity of the effluent samples is not reduced because of the increased holding temperature. Aqueous samples must not be frozen. Hand-delivered samples used on the day of collection do not need to be cooled to 0 to 6 °C prior to test initiation.

17 Samples collected for the determination of trace level mercury (

18 Aqueous samples must be preserved at ≤6 °C, and should not be frozen unless data demonstrating that sample freezing does not adversely impact sample integrity is maintained on file and accepted as valid by the regulatory authority. Also, for purposes of NPDES monitoring, the specification of “≤ °C” is used in place of the “4 °C” and “

19 An aqueous sample may be collected and shipped without acid preservation. However, acid must be added at least 24 hours before analysis to dissolve any metals that adsorb to the container walls. If the sample must be analyzed within 24 hours of collection, add the acid immediately (see footnote 2). Soil and sediment samples do not need to be preserved with acid. The allowances in this footnote supersede the preservation and holding time requirements in the approved metals methods.

20 To achieve the 28-day holding time, use the ammonium sulfate buffer solution specified in EPA Method 218.6. The allowance in this footnote supersedes preservation and holding time requirements in the approved hexavalent chromium methods, unless this supersession would compromise the measurement, in which case requirements in the method must be followed.

21 Holding time is calculated from time of sample collection to elution for samples shipped to the laboratory in bulk and calculated from the time of sample filtration to elution for samples filtered in the field.

22 Sample analysis should begin as soon as possible after receipt; sample incubation must be started no later than 8 hours from time of collection.

23 For fecal coliform samples for sewage sludge (biosolids) only, the holding time is extended to 24 hours for the following sample types using either EPA Method 1680 (LTB-EC) or 1681 (A-1): Class A composted, Class B aerobically digested, and Class B anaerobically digested.

24 The immediate filtration requirement in orthophosphate measurement is to assess the dissolved or bio-available form of orthophosphorus (i.e., that which passes through a 0.45-micron filter), hence the requirement to filter the sample immediately upon collection (i.e., within 15 minutes of collection).

[38 FR 28758, Oct. 16, 1973]

Editorial Note:For Federal Register citations affecting § 136.3, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

§ 136.4 Application for and approval of alternate test procedures for nationwide use.

(a) A written application for review of an alternate test procedure (alternate method) for nationwide use may be made by letter via email or by hard copy in triplicate to the National Alternate Test Procedure (ATP) Program Coordinator (National Coordinator), Office of Science and Technology (4303T), Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460. Any application for an ATP under this paragraph (a) shall:

(1) Provide the name and address of the responsible person or firm making the application.

(2) Identify the pollutant(s) or parameter(s) for which nationwide approval of an alternate test procedure is being requested.

(3) Provide a detailed description of the proposed alternate test procedure, together with references to published or other studies confirming the general applicability of the alternate test procedure for the analysis of the pollutant(s) or parameter(s) in wastewater discharges from representative and specified industrial or other categories.

(4) Provide comparability data for the performance of the proposed alternative test procedure compared to the performance of the reference method.

(b) The National Coordinator may request additional information and analyses from the applicant in order to evaluate whether the alternate test procedure satisfies the applicable requirements of this part.

(c) Approval for nationwide use. (1) After a review of the application and any additional analyses requested from the applicant, the National Coordinator will notify the applicant, in writing, of whether the National Coordinator will recommend approval or disapproval of the alternate test procedure for nationwide use in CWA programs. If the application is not recommended for approval, the National Coordinator may specify what additional information might lead to a reconsideration of the application and notify the Regional Alternate Test Procedure Coordinators of the disapproval recommendation. Based on the National Coordinator’s recommended disapproval of a proposed alternate test procedure and an assessment of any current approvals for limited uses for the unapproved method, the Regional ATP Coordinator may decide to withdraw approval of the method for limited use in the Region.

(2) Where the National Coordinator has recommended approval of an applicant’s request for nationwide use of an alternate test procedure, the National Coordinator will notify the applicant. The National Coordinator will also notify the Regional ATP Coordinators that they may consider approval of this alternate test procedure for limited use in their Regions based on the information and data provided in the application until the alternate test procedure is approved by publication in a final rule in the Federal Register.

(3) EPA will propose to amend this part to include the alternate test procedure in § 136.3. EPA shall make available for review all the factual bases for its proposal, including the method, any performance data submitted by the applicant and any available EPA analysis of those data.

(4) Following public comment, EPA shall publish in the Federal Register a final decision on whether to amend this part to include the alternate test procedure as an approved analytical method for nationwide use.

(5) Whenever the National Coordinator has recommended approval of an applicant’s ATP request for nationwide use, any person may request an approval of the method for limited use under § 136.5 from the EPA Region.

[77 FR 29809, May 18, 2012, as amended at 82 FR 40874, Aug. 28, 2017]

§ 136.5 Approval of alternate test procedures for limited use.

(a) Any person may request the Regional ATP Coordinator to approve the use of an alternate test procedure in the Region.

(b) When the request for the use of an alternate test procedure concerns use in a State with an NPDES permit program approved pursuant to section 402 of the Act, the requestor shall first submit an application for limited use to the Director of the State agency having responsibility for issuance of NPDES permits within such State (i.e., permitting authority). The Director will forward the application to the Regional ATP Coordinator with a recommendation for or against approval.

(c) Any application for approval of an alternate test procedure for limited use may be made by letter, email or by hard copy. The application shall include the following:

(1) Provide the name and address of the applicant and the applicable ID number of the existing or pending permit(s) and issuing agency for which use of the alternate test procedure is requested, and the discharge serial number.

(2) Identify the pollutant or parameter for which approval of an alternate test procedure is being requested.

(3) Provide justification for using testing procedures other than those specified in Tables IA through IH of § 136.3, or in the NPDES permit.

(4) Provide a detailed description of the proposed alternate test procedure, together with references to published studies of the applicability of the alternate test procedure to the effluents in question.

(5) Provide comparability data for the performance of the proposed alternate test procedure compared to the performance of the reference method.

(d) Approval for limited use. (1) The Regional ATP Coordinator will review the application and notify the applicant and the appropriate State agency of approval or rejection of the use of the alternate test procedure. The approval may be restricted to use only with respect to a specific discharge or facility (and its laboratory) or, at the discretion of the Regional ATP Coordinator, to all dischargers or facilities (and their associated laboratories) specified in the approval for the Region. If the application is not approved, the Regional ATP Coordinator shall specify what additional information might lead to a reconsideration of the application.

(2) The Regional ATP Coordinator will forward a copy of every approval and rejection notification to the National Alternate Test Procedure Coordinator.

[77 FR 29809, May 18, 2012, as amended at 82 FR 40875, Aug. 28, 2017]

§ 136.6 Method modifications and analytical requirements.

(a) Definitions of terms used in this section—(1) Analyst means the person or laboratory using a test procedure (analytical method) in this part.

(2) Chemistry of the method means the reagents and reactions used in a test procedure that allow determination of the analyte(s) of interest in an environmental sample.

(3) Determinative technique means the way in which an analyte is identified and quantified (e.g., colorimetry, mass spectrometry).

(4) Equivalent performance means that the modified method produces results that meet or exceed the QC acceptance criteria of the approved method.

(5) Method-defined analyte means an analyte defined solely by the method used to determine the analyte. Such an analyte may be a physical parameter, a parameter that is not a specific chemical, or a parameter that may be comprised of a number of substances. Examples of such analytes include temperature, oil and grease, total suspended solids, total phenolics, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and biochemical oxygen demand.

(6) QC means “quality control.”

(b) Method modifications. (1) If the underlying chemistry and determinative technique in a modified method are essentially the same as an approved Part 136 method, then the modified method is an equivalent and acceptable alternative to the approved method provided the requirements of this section are met. However, those who develop or use a modification to an approved (Part 136) method must document that the performance of the modified method, in the matrix to which the modified method will be applied, is equivalent to the performance of the approved method. If such a demonstration cannot be made and documented, then the modified method is not an acceptable alternative to the approved method. Supporting documentation must, if applicable, include the routine initial demonstration of capability and ongoing QC including determination of precision and accuracy, detection limits, and matrix spike recoveries. Initial demonstration of capability typically includes analysis of four replicates of a mid-level standard and a method detection limit study. Ongoing quality control typically includes method blanks, mid-level laboratory control samples, and matrix spikes (QC is as specified in the method). The method is considered equivalent if the quality control requirements in the reference method are achieved. Where the laboratory is using a vendor-supplied method, it is the QC criteria in the reference method, not the vendor’s method, that must be met to show equivalency. Where a sample preparation step is required (i.e., digestion, distillation), QC tests are to be run using standards treated in the same way as the samples. The method user’s Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) must clearly document the modifications made to the reference method. Examples of allowed method modifications are listed in this section. If the method user is uncertain whether a method modification is allowed, the Regional ATP Coordinator or Director should be contacted for approval prior to implementing the modification. The method user should also complete necessary performance checks to verify that acceptable performance is achieved with the method modification prior to analyses of compliance samples.

(2) Requirements. The modified method must meet or exceed performance of the approved method(s) for the analyte(s) of interest, as documented by meeting the initial and ongoing quality control requirements in the method.

(i) Requirements for establishing equivalent performance. If the approved method contains QC tests and QC acceptance criteria, the modified method must use these QC tests and the modified method must meet the QC acceptance criteria with the following conditions:

(A) The analyst may only rely on QC tests and QC acceptance criteria in a method if it includes wastewater matrix QC tests and QC acceptance criteria (e.g., matrix spikes) and both initial (start-up) and ongoing QC tests and QC acceptance criteria.

(B) If the approved method does not contain QC tests and QC acceptance criteria or if the QC tests and QC acceptance criteria in the method do not meet the requirements of this section, then the analyst must employ QC tests published in the “equivalent” of a Part 136 method that has such QC, or the essential QC requirements specified at 136.7, as applicable. If the approved method is from a compendium or VCSB and the QA/QC requirements are published in other parts of that organization’s compendium rather than within the Part 136 method then that part of the organization’s compendium must be used for the QC tests.

(C) In addition, the analyst must perform ongoing QC tests, including assessment of performance of the modified method on the sample matrix (e.g., analysis of a matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate pair for every twenty samples), and analysis of an ongoing precision and recovery sample (e.g., laboratory fortified blank or blank spike) and a blank with each batch of 20 or fewer samples.

(D) If the performance of the modified method in the wastewater matrix or reagent water does not meet or exceed the QC acceptance criteria, the method modification may not be used.

(ii) Requirements for documentation. The modified method must be documented in a method write-up or an addendum that describes the modification(s) to the approved method prior to the use of the method for compliance purposes. The write-up or addendum must include a reference number (e.g., method number), revision number, and revision date so that it may be referenced accurately. In addition, the organization that uses the modified method must document the results of QC tests and keep these records, along with a copy of the method write-up or addendum, for review by an auditor.

(3) Restrictions. An analyst may not modify an approved Clean Water Act analytical method for a method-defined analyte. In addition, an analyst may not modify an approved method if the modification would result in measurement of a different form or species of an analyte. Changes in method procedures are not allowed if such changes would alter the defined chemistry (i.e., method principle) of the unmodified method. For example, phenol method 420.1 or 420.4 defines phenolics as ferric iron oxidized compounds that react with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) at pH 10 after being distilled from acid solution. Because total phenolics represents a group of compounds that all react at different efficiencies with 4-AAP, changing test conditions likely would change the behavior of these different phenolic compounds. An analyst may not modify any sample collection, preservation, or holding time requirements of an approved method. Such modifications to sample collection, preservation, and holding time requirements do not fall within the scope of the flexibility allowed at § 136.6. Method flexibility refers to modifications of the analytical procedures used for identification and measurement of the analyte only and does not apply to sample collection, preservation, or holding time procedures, which may only be modified as specified in § 136.3(e).

(4) Allowable changes. Except as noted under paragraph (b)(3) of this section, an analyst may modify an approved test procedure (analytical method) provided that the underlying reactions and principles used in the approved method remain essentially the same, and provided that the requirements of this section are met. If equal or better performance can be obtained with an alternative reagent, then it is allowed. A laboratory wishing to use these modifications must demonstrate acceptable method performance by performing and documenting all applicable initial demonstration of capability and ongoing QC tests and meeting all applicable QC acceptance criteria as described in § 136.7. Some examples of the allowed types of changes, provided the requirements of this section are met include:

(i) Changes between manual method, flow analyzer, and discrete instrumentation.

(ii) Changes in chromatographic columns or temperature programs.

(iii) Changes between automated and manual sample preparation, such as digestions, distillations, and extractions; in-line sample preparation is an acceptable form of automated sample preparation for CWA methods.

(iv) In general, ICP-MS is a sensitive and selective detector for metal analysis; however isobaric interference can cause problems for quantitative determination, as well as identification based on the isotope pattern. Interference reduction technologies, such as collision cells or reaction cells, are designed to reduce the effect of spectroscopic interferences that may bias results for the element of interest. The use of interference reduction technologies is allowed, provided the method performance specifications relevant to ICP-MS measurements are met.

(v) The use of EPA Method 200.2 or the sample preparation steps from EPA Method 1638, including the use of closed-vessel digestion, is allowed for EPA Method 200.8, provided the method performance specifications relevant to the ICP-MS are met.

(vi) Changes in pH adjustment reagents. Changes in compounds used to adjust pH are acceptable as long as they do not produce interference. For example, using a different acid to adjust pH in colorimetric methods.

(vii) Changes in buffer reagents are acceptable provided that the changes do not produce interferences.

(viii) Changes in the order of reagent addition are acceptable provided that the change does not alter the chemistry and does not produce an interference. For example, using the same reagents, but adding them in different order, or preparing them in combined or separate solutions (so they can be added separately), is allowed, provided reagent stability or method performance is equivalent or improved.

(ix) Changes in calibration range (provided that the modified range covers any relevant regulatory limit and the method performance specifications for calibration are met).

(x) Changes in calibration model. (A) Linear calibration models do not adequately fit calibration data with one or two inflection points. For example, vendor-supplied data acquisition and processing software on some instruments may provide quadratic fitting functions to handle such situations. If the calibration data for a particular analytical method routinely display quadratic character, using quadratic fitting functions may be acceptable. In such cases, the minimum number of calibrators for second order fits should be six, and in no case should concentrations be extrapolated for instrument responses that exceed that of the most concentrated calibrator. Examples of methods with nonlinear calibration functions include chloride by SM4500-Cl-E-1997, hardness by EPA Method 130.1, cyanide by ASTM D6888 or OIA1677, Kjeldahl nitrogen by PAI-DK03, and anions by EPA Method 300.0.

(B) As an alternative to using the average response factor, the quality of the calibration may be evaluated using the Relative Standard Error (RSE). The acceptance criterion for the RSE is the same as the acceptance criterion for Relative Standard Deviation (RSD), in the method. RSE is calculated as:

Where:

x′i = Calculated concentration at level i

xi = Actual concentration of the calibration level i

n = Number of calibration points

p = Number of terms in the fitting equation (average = 1, linear = 2, quadratic = 3)

(C) Using the RSE as a metric has the added advantage of allowing the same numerical standard to be applied to the calibration model, regardless of the form of the model. Thus, if a method states that the RSD should be ≤20% for the traditional linear model through the origin, then the RSE acceptance limit can remain ≤20% as well. Similarly, if a method provides an RSD acceptance limit of ≤15%, then that same figure can be used as the acceptance limit for the RSE. The RSE may be used as an alternative to correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination for evaluating calibration curves for any of the methods at part 136. If the method includes a numerical criterion for the RSD, then the same numerical value is used for the RSE. Some older methods do not include any criterion for the calibration curve—for these methods, if RSE is used the value should be ≤20%. Note that the use of the RSE is included as an alternative to the use of the correlation coefficient as a measure of the suitability of a calibration curve. It is not necessary to evaluate both the RSE and the correlation coefficient.

(xi) Changes in equipment such as equipment from a vendor different from the one specified in the method.

(xii) The use of micro or midi distillation apparatus in place of macro distillation apparatus.

(xiii) The use of prepackaged reagents.

(xiv) The use of digital titrators and methods where the underlying chemistry used for the determination is similar to that used in the approved method.

(xv) Use of selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode for analytes that cannot be effectively analyzed in full-scan mode and reach the required sensitivity. False positives are more of a concern when using SIM analysis, so at a minimum, one quantitation and two qualifying ions must be monitored for each analyte (unless fewer than three ions with intensity greater than 15% of the base peak are available). The ratio of each of the two qualifying ions to the quantitation ion must be evaluated and should agree with the ratio observed in an authentic standard within ±20 percent. Analyst judgment must be applied to the evaluation of ion ratios because the ratios can be affected by co-eluting compounds present in the sample matrix. The signal-to-noise ratio of the least sensitive ion should be at least 3:1. Retention time in the sample should match within 0.05 minute of an authentic standard analyzed under identical conditions. Matrix interferences can cause minor shifts in retention time and may be evident as shifts in the retention times of the internal standards. The total scan time should be such that a minimum of eight scans are obtained per chromatographic peak.

(xvi) Changes are allowed in purge-and-trap sample volumes or operating conditions. Some examples are:

(A) Changes in purge time and purge-gas flow rate. A change in purge time and purge-gas flow rate is allowed provided that sufficient total purge volume is used to achieve the required minimum detectible concentration and calibration range for all compounds. In general, a purge rate in the range 20-200 mL/min and a total purge volume in the range 240-880 mL are recommended.

(B) Use of nitrogen or helium as a purge gas, provided that the required sensitivities for all compounds are met.

(C) Sample temperature during the purge state. Gentle heating of the sample during purging (e.g., 40 °C) increases purging efficiency of hydrophilic compounds and may improve sample-to-sample repeatability because all samples are purged under precisely the same conditions.

(D) Trap sorbent. Any trap design is acceptable, provided that the data acquired meet all QC criteria.

(E) Changes to the desorb time. Shortening the desorb time (e.g., from4 minutes to 1 minute) may not affect compound recoveries, and can shorten overall cycle time and significantly reduce the amount of water introduced to the analytical system, thus improving the precision of analysis, especially for water-soluble analytes. A desorb time of four minutes is recommended, however a shorter desorb time may be used, provided that all QC specifications in the method are met.

(F) Use of water management techniques is allowed. Water is always collected on the trap along with the analytes and is a significant interference for analytical systems (GC and GC/MS). Modern water management techniques (e.g., dry purge or condensation points) can remove moisture from the sample stream and improve analytical performance.

(xvii) If the characteristics of a wastewater matrix prevent efficient recovery of organic pollutants and prevent the method from meeting QC requirements, the analyst may attempt to resolve the issue by adding salts to the sample, provided that such salts do not react with or introduce the target pollutant into the sample (as evidenced by the analysis of method blanks, laboratory control samples, and spiked samples that also contain such salts), and that all requirements of paragraph (b)(2) of this section are met. Samples having residual chlorine or other halogen must be dechlorinated prior to the addition of such salts.

(xviii) If the characteristics of a wastewater matrix result in poor sample dispersion or reagent deposition on equipment and prevent the analyst from meeting QC requirements, the analyst may attempt to resolve the issue by adding a inert surfactant that does not affect the chemistry of the method, such as Brij-35 or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), provided that such surfactant does not react with or introduce the target pollutant into the sample (as evidenced by the analysis of method blanks, laboratory control samples, and spiked samples that also contain such surfactant) and that all requirements of paragraph (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section are met. Samples having residual chlorine or other halogen must be dechlorinated prior to the addition of such surfactant.

(xix) The use of gas diffusion (using pH change to convert the analyte to gaseous form and/or heat to separate an analyte contained in steam from the sample matrix) across a hydrophobic semi-permeable membrane to separate the analyte of interest from the sample matrix may be used in place of manual or automated distillation in methods for analysis such as ammonia, total cyanide, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total phenols. These procedures do not replace the digestion procedures specified in the approved methods and must be used in conjunction with those procedures.

(xx) Changes in equipment operating parameters such as the monitoring wavelength of a colorimeter or the reaction time and temperature as needed to achieve the chemical reactions defined in the unmodified CWA method. For example, molybdenum blue phosphate methods have two absorbance maxima, one at about 660 nm and another at about 880 nm. The former is about 2.5 times less sensitive than the latter. Wavelength choice provides a cost-effective, dilution-free means to increase sensitivity of molybdenum blue phosphate methods.

(xxi) Interchange of oxidants, such as the use of titanium oxide in UV-assisted automated digestion of TOC and total phosphorus, as long as complete oxidation can be demonstrated.

(xxii) Use of an axially viewed torch with Method 200.7.

(xxiii) When analyzing metals by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and stabilized temperature graphite furnace atomic absorption, closed-vessel microwave digestion of wastewater samples is allowed as alternative heating source for Method 200.2—“Sample Preparation Procedure for Spectrochemical Determination of Total Recoverable Elements” for the following elements: Aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, potassium, selenium, silver, sodium, thallium, tin, titanium, vanadium, zinc, provided the performance specifications in the relevant determinative method are met. (Note that this list does not include Mercury.) Each laboratory determining total recoverable metals is required to operate a formal quality control (QC) program. The minimum requirements include initial demonstration of capability, method detection limit (MDL), analysis of reagent blanks, fortified blanks, matrix spike samples, and blind proficiency testing samples, as continuing quality control checks on performance. The laboratory is required to maintain performance records on file that define the quality of the data generated.

(c) The permittee must notify their permitting authority of the intent to use a modified method. Such notification should be of the form “Method xxx has been modified within the flexibility allowed in 40 CFR 136.6.” The permittee may indicate the specific paragraph of § 136.6 allowing the method modification. Specific details of the modification need not be provided, but must be documented in the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and maintained by the analytical laboratory that performs the analysis.

[77 FR 29810, May 18, 2012, as amended at 82 FR 40875, Aug. 28, 2017; 86 FR 27260, May 19, 2021]

§ 136.7 Quality assurance and quality control.

The permittee/laboratory shall use suitable QA/QC procedures when conducting compliance analyses with any part 136 chemical method or an alternative method specified by the permitting authority. These QA/QC procedures are generally included in the analytical method or may be part of the methods compendium for approved Part 136 methods from a consensus organization. For example, Standard Methods contains QA/QC procedures in the Part 1000 section of the Standard Methods Compendium. The permittee/laboratory shall follow these QA/QC procedures, as described in the method or methods compendium. If the method lacks QA/QC procedures, the permittee/laboratory has the following options to comply with the QA/QC requirements:

(a) Refer to and follow the QA/QC published in the “equivalent” EPA method for that parameter that has such QA/QC procedures;

(b) Refer to the appropriate QA/QC section(s) of an approved part 136 method from a consensus organization compendium;

(c)(1) Incorporate the following twelve quality control elements, where applicable, into the laboratory’s documented standard operating procedure (SOP) for performing compliance analyses when using an approved part 136 method when the method lacks such QA/QC procedures. One or more of the twelve QC elements may not apply to a given method and may be omitted if a written rationale is provided indicating why the element(s) is/are inappropriate for a specific method.

(i) Demonstration of Capability (DOC);

(ii) Method Detection Limit (MDL);

(iii) Laboratory reagent blank (LRB), also referred to as method blank (MB);

(iv) Laboratory fortified blank (LFB), also referred to as a spiked blank, or laboratory control sample (LCS);

(v) Matrix spike (MS) and matrix spike duplicate (MSD), or laboratory fortified matrix (LFM) and LFM duplicate, may be used for suspected matrix interference problems to assess precision;

(vi) Internal standards (for GC/MS analyses), surrogate standards (for organic analysis) or tracers (for radiochemistry);

(vii) Calibration (initial and continuing), also referred to as initial calibration verification (ICV) and continuing calibration verification (CCV);

(viii) Control charts (or other trend analyses of quality control results);

(ix) Corrective action (root cause analysis);

(x) QC acceptance criteria;

(xi) Definitions of preparation and analytical batches that may drive QC frequencies; and

(xii) Minimum frequency for conducting all QC elements.

(2) These twelve quality control elements must be clearly documented in the written standard operating procedure for each analytical method not containing QA/QC procedures, where applicable.

[77 FR 29813, May 18, 2012]

Appendix A to Part 136—Methods for Organic Chemical Analysis of Municipal and Industrial Wastewater

Method 601—Purgeable Halocarbons

1. Scope and Application

1.1 This method covers the determination of 29 purgeable halocarbons.

The following parameters may be determined by this method:

Parameter	STORET No.	CAS No.
Bromodichloromethane	32101	75-27-4
Bromoform	32104	75-25-2
Bromomethane	34413	74-83-9
Carbon tetrachloride	32102	56-23-5
Chlorobenzene	34301	108-90-7
Chloroethane	34311	75-00-3
2-Chloroethylvinyl ether	34576	100-75-8
Chloroform	32106	67-66-3
Chloromethane	34418	74-87-3
Dibromochloromethane	32105	124-48-1
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	34536	95-50-1
1,3-Dichlorobenzene	34566	541-73-1
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	34571	106-46-7
Dichlorodifluoromethane	34668	75-71-8
1,1-Dichloroethane	34496	75-34-3
1,2-Dichloroethane	34531	107-06-2
1,1-Dichloroethane	34501	75-35-4
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene	34546	156-60-5
1,2-Dichloropropane	34541	78-87-5
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene	34704	10061-01-5
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene	34699	10061-02-6
Methylene chloride	34423	75-09-2
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane	34516	79-34-5
Tetrachloroethene	34475	127-18-4
1,1,1-Trichloroethane	34506	71-55-6
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	34511	79-00-5
Tetrachloroethene	39180	79-01-6
Trichlorofluoromethane	34488	75-69-4
Vinyl chloride	39715	75-01-4

1.2 This is a purge and trap gas chromatographic (GC) method applicable to the determination of the compounds listed above in municipal and industrial discharges as provided under 40 CFR 136.1. When this method is used to analyze unfamiliar samples for any or all of the compounds above, compound identifications should be supported by at least one additional qualitative technique. This method describes analytical conditions for a second gas chromatographic column that can be used to confirm measurements made with the primary column. Method 624 provides gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) conditions appropriate for the qualitative and quantitative confirmation of results for most of the parameters listed above.

1.3 The method detection limit (MDL, defined in Section 12.1)
1 for each parameter is listed in Table 1. The MDL for a specific wastewater may differ from those listed, depending upon the nature of interferences in the sample matrix.

1.4 Any modification of this method, beyond those expressly permitted, shall be considered as a major modification subject to application and approval of alternate test procedures under 40 CFR 136.4 and 136.5.

1.5 This method is restricted to use by or under the supervision of analysts experienced in the operation of a purge and trap system and a gas chromatograph and in the interpretation of gas chromatograms. Each analyst must demonstrate the ability to generate acceptable results with this method using the procedure described in Section 8.2.

2. Summary of Method

2.1 An inert gas is bubbled through a 5-mL water sample contained in a specially-designed purging chamber at ambient temperature. The halocarbons are efficiently transferred from the aqueous phase to the vapor phase. The vapor is swept through a sorbent trap where the halocarbons are trapped. After purging is completed, the trap is heated and backflushed with the inert gas to desorb the halocarbons onto a gas chromatographic column. The gas chromatograph is temperature programmed to separate the halocarbons which are then detected with a halide-specific detector.
2 3

2.2 The method provides an optional gas chromatographic column that may be helpful in resolving the compounds of interest from interferences that may occur.

3. Interferences

3.1 Impurities in the purge gas and organic compounds outgassing from the plumbing ahead of the trap account for the majority of contamination problems. The analytical system must be demonstrated to be free from contamination under the conditions of the analysis by running laboratory reagent blanks as described in Section 8.1.3. The use of non-Teflon plastic tubing, non-Teflon thread sealants, or flow controllers with rubber components in the purge and trap system should be avoided.

3.2 Samples can be contaminated by diffusion of volatile organics (particularly fluorocarbons and methylene chloride) through the septum seal ilto the sample during shipment and storage. A field reagent blank prepared from reagent water and carried through the sampling and handling protocol can serve as a check on such contamination.

3.3 Contamination by carry-over can occur whenever high level and low level samples are sequentially analyzed. To reduce carry-over, the purging device and sample syringe must be rinsed with reagent water between sample analyses. Whenever an unusually concentrated sample is encountered, it should be followed by an analysis of reagent water to check for cross contamination. For samples containing large amounts of water-soluble materials, suspended solids, high boiling compounds or high organohalide levels, it may be necessary to wash out the purging device with a detergent solution, rinse it with distilled water, and then dry it in a 105 °C oven between analyses. The trap and other parts of the system are also subject to contamination; therefore, frequent bakeout and purging of the entire system may be required.

4. Safety

4.1 The toxicity or carcinogenicity of each reagent used in this method has not been precisely defined; however, each chemical compound should be treated as a potential health hazard. From this viewpoint, exposure to these chemicals must be reduced to the lowest possible level by whatever means available. The laboratory is responsible for maintaining a current awareness file of OSHA regulations regarding the safe handling of the chemicals specified in this method. A reference file of material data handling sheets should also be made available to all personnel involved in the chemical analysis. Additional references to laboratory safety are available and have been identified
4 6 for the information of the analyst.

4.2 The following parameters covered by this method have been tentatively classified as known or suspected, human or mammalian carcinogens: carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and vinyl chloride. Primary standards of these toxic compounds should be prepared in a hood. A NIOSH/MESA approved toxic gas respirator should be worn when the analyst handles high concentrations of these toxic compounds.

5. Apparatus and Materials

5.1 Sampling equipment, for discrete sampling.

5.1.1 Vial—25-mL capacity or larger, equipped with a screw cap with a hole in the center (Pierce #13075 or equivalent). Detergent wash, rinse with tap and distilled water, and dry at 105 °C before use.

5.1.2 Septum—Teflon-faced silicone (Pierce #12722 or equivalent). Detergent wash, rinse with tap and distilled water, and dry at 105 °C for 1 h before use.

5.2 Purge and trap system—The purge and trap system consists of three separate pieces of equipment: a purging device, trap, and desorber. Several complete systems are now commercially available.

5.2.1 The purging device must be designed to accept 5-mL samples with a water column at least 3 cm deep. The gaseous head space between the water column and the trap must have a total volume of less than 15 mL. The purge gas must pass through the water column as finely divided bubbles with a diameter of less than 3 mm at the origin. The purge gas must be introduced no more than 5 mm from the base of the water column. The purging device illustrated in Figure 1 meets these design criteria.

5.2.2 The trap must be at least 25 cm long and have an inside diameter of at least 0.105 in. The trap must be packed to contain the following minimum lengths of adsorbents: 1.0 cm of methyl silicone coated packing (Section 6.3.3), 7.7 cm of 2,6-diphenylene oxide polymer (Section 6.3.2), 7.7 cm of silica gel (Section 6.3.4), 7.7 cm of coconut charcoal (Section 6.3.1). If it is not necessary to analyze for dichlorodifluoromethane, the charcoal can be eliminated, and the polymer section lengthened to 15 cm. The minimum specifications for the trap are illustrated in Figure 2.

5.2.3 The desorber must be capable of rapidly heating the trap to 180 °C. The polymer section of the trap should not be heated higher than 180 °C and the remaining sections should not exceed 200 °C. The desorber illustrated in Figure 2 meets these design criteria.

5.2.4 The purge and trap system may be assembled as a separate unit or be coupled to a gas chromatograph as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.

5.3 Gas chromatograph—An analytical system complete with a temperature programmable gas chromatograph suitable for on-column injection and all required accessories including syringes, analytical columns, gases, detector, and strip-chart recorder. A data system is recommended for measuring peak areas.

5.3.1 Column 1—8 ft long × 0.1 in. ID stainless steel or glass, packed with 1% SP-1000 on Carbopack B (60/80 mesh) or equivalent. This column was used to develop the method performance statements in Section 12. Guidelines for the use of alternate column packings are provided in Section 10.1.

5.3.2 Column 2—6 ft long × 0.1 in. ID stainless steel or glass, packed with chemically bonded n-octane on Porasil-C (100/120 mesh) or equivalent.

5.3.3 Detector—Electrolytic conductivity or microcoulometric detector. These types of detectors have proven effective in the analysis of wastewaters for the parameters listed in the scope (Section 1.1). The electrolytic conductivity detector was used to develop the method performance statements in Section 12. Guidelines for the use of alternate detectors are provided in Section 10.1.

5.4 Syringes—5-mL glass hypodermic with Luerlok tip (two each), if applicable to the purging device.

5.5 Micro syringes—25-µL, 0.006 in. ID needle.

5.6 Syringe valve—2-way, with Luer ends (three each).

5.7 Syringe—5-mL, gas-tight with shut-off valve.

5.8 Bottle—15-mL, screw-cap, with Teflon cap liner.

5.9 Balance—Analytical, capable of accurately weighing 0.0001 g.

6. Reagents

6.1 Reagent water—Reagent water is defined as a water in which an interferent is not observed at the MDL of the parameters of interest.

6.1.1 Reagent water can be generated by passing tap water through a carbon filter bed containing about 1 lb of activated carbon (Filtrasorb-300, Calgon Corp., or equivalent).

6.1.2 A water purification system (Millipore Super-Q or equivalent) may be used to generate reagent water.

6.1.3 Reagent water may also be prepared by boiling water for 15 min. Subsequently, while maintaining the temperature at 90 °C, bubble a contaminant-free inert gas through the water for 1 h. While still hot, transfer the water to a narrow mouth screw-cap bottle and seal with a Teflon-lined septum and cap.

6.2 Sodium thiosulfate—(ACS) Granular.

6.3 Trap Materials:

6.3.1 Coconut charcoal—6/10 mesh sieved to 26 mesh, Barnabey Cheney, CA-580-26 lot # M-2649 or equivalent.

6.3.2 2,6-Diphenylene oxide polymer—Tenax, (60/80 mesh), chromatographic grade or equivalent.

6.3.3 Methyl silicone packing—3% OV-1 on Chromosorb-W (60/80 mesh) or equivalent.

6.3.4 Silica gel—35/60 mesh, Davison, grade-15 or equivalent.

6.4 Methanol—Pesticide quality or equivalent.

6.5 Stock standard solutions—Stock standard solutions may be prepared from pure standard materials or purchased as certified solutions. Prepare stock standard solutions in methanol using assayed liquids or gases as appropriate. Because of the toxicity of some of the organohalides, primary dilutions of these materials should be prepared in a hood. A NIOSH/MESA approved toxic gas respirator should be used when the analyst handles high concentrations of such materials.

6.5.1 Place about 9.8 mL of methanol into a 10-mL ground glass stoppered volumetric flask. Allow the flask to stand, unstoppered, for about 10 min or until all alcohol wetted surfaces have dried. Weigh the flask to the learest 0.1 mg.

6.5.2 Add the assayed reference material:

6.5.2.1 Liquid—Using a 100 µL syringe, immediately add two or more drops of assayed reference material to the flask, then reweigh. Be sure that the drops fall directly into the alcohol without contacting the neck of the flask.

6.5.2.2 Gases—To prepare standards for any of the six halocarbons that boil below 30 °C (bromomethane, chloroethane, chloromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, vinyl chloride), fill a 5-mL valved gas-tight syringe with the reference standard to the 5.0-mL mark. Lower the needle to 5 mm above the methanol meniscus. Slowly introduce the reference standard above the surface of the liquid (the heavy gas will rapidly dissolve into the methanol).

6.5.3 Reweigh, dilute to volume, stopper, then mix by inverting the flask several times. Calculate the concentration in µg/µL from the net gain in weight. When compound purity is assayed to be 96% or greater, the weight can be used without correction to calculate the concentration of the stock standard. Commercially prepared stock standards can be used at any concentration if they are certified by the malufacturer or by an independent source.

6.5.4 Transfer the stock standard solution into a Teflon-sealed screw-cap bottle. Store, with minimal headspace, at −10 to −20 °C and protect from light.

6.5.5 Prepare fresh standards weekly for the six gases and 2-chloroethylvinyl ether. All other standards must be replaced after one month, or sooner if comparison with check standards indicates a problem.

6.6 Secondary dilution standards—Using stock standard solutions, prepare secondary dilution standards in methanol that contain the compounds of interest, either singly or mixed together. The secondary dilution standards should be prepared at concentrations such that the aqueous calibration standards prepared in Section 7.3.1 or 7.4.1 will bracket the working range of the analytical system. Secondary dilution standards should be stored with minimal headspace and should be checked frequently for signs of degradation or evaporation, especially just prior to preparing calibration standards from them.

6.7 Quality control check sample concentrate—See Section 8.2.1.

7. Calibration

7.1 Assemble a purge and trap system that meets the specifications in Section 5.2. Condition the trap overnight at 180 °C by backflushing with an inert gas flow of at least 20 mL/min. Condition the trap for 10 min once daily prior to use.

7.2 Connect the purge and trap system to a gas chromatograph. The gas chromatograph must be operated using temperature and flow rate conditions equivalent to those given in Table 1. Calibrate the purge and trap-gas chromatographic system using either the external standard technique (Section 7.3) or the internal standard technique (Section 7.4).

7.3 External standard calibration procedure:

7.3.1 Prepare calibration standards at a miminum of three concentration levels for each parameter by carefully adding 20.0 µL of one or more secondary dilution standards to 100, 500, or 1000 µL of reagent water. A 25-µL syringe with a 0.006 in. ID needle should be used for this operation. One of the external standards should be at a concentration near, but above, the MDL (Table 1) and the other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples or should define the working range of the detector. These aqueous standards can be stored up to 24 h, if held in sealed vials with zero headspace as described in Section 9.2. If not so stored, they must be discarded after 1 h.

7.3.2 Analyze each calibration standard according to Section 10, and tabulate peak height or area responses versus the concentration in the standard. The results can be used to prepare a calibration curve for each compound. Alternatively, if the ratio of response to concentration (calibration factor) is a constant over the working range (

7.4 Internal standard calibration procedure—To use this approach, the analyst must select one or more internal standards that are similar in analytical behavior to the compounds of interest. The analyst must further demonstrate that the measurement of the internal standard is not affected by method or matrix interferences. Because of these limitations, no internal standard can be suggested that is applicable to all samples. The compounds recommended for use as surrogate spikes in Section 8.7 have been used successfully as internal standards, because of their generally unique retention times.

7.4.1 Prepare calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter of interest as described in Section 7.3.1.

7.4.2 Prepare a spiking solution containing each of the internal standards using the procedures described in Sections 6.5 and 6.6. It is recommended that the secondary dilution standard be prepared at a concentration of 15 µg/mL of each internal standard compound. The addition of 10 µL of this standard to 5.0 mL of sample or calibration standard would be equivalent to 30 µg/L.

7.4.3 Analyze each calibration standard according to Section 10, adding 10 µL of internal standard spiking solution directly to the syringe (Section 10.4). Tabulate peak height or area responses against concentration for each compound and internal standard, and calculate response factors (RF) for each compound using Equation 1.

Equation 1

where:

As = Response for the parameter to be measured.

Ais = Response for the internal standard.

Cis = Concentration of the internal standard.

Cs = Concentration of the parameter to be measured.

If the RF value over the working range is a constant (s/Ais, vs. RF.

7.5 The working calibration curve, calibration factor, or RF must be verified on each working day by the measurement of a QC check sample.

7.5.1 Prepare the QC check sample as described in Section 8.2.2.

7.5.2 Analyze the QC check sample according to Section 10.

7.5.3 For each parameter, compare the response (Q) with the corresponding calibration acceptance criteria found in Table 2. If the responses for all parameters of interest fall within the designated ranges, analysis of actual samples can begin. If any individual Q falls outside the range, proceed according to Section 7.5.4.

Note:

The large number of parameters in Table 2 present a substantial probability that one or more will not meet the calibration acceptance criteria when all parameters are analyzed.

7.5.4 Repeat the test only for those parameters that failed to meet the calibration acceptance criteria. If the response for a parameter does not fall within the range in this second test, a new calibration curve, calibration factor, or RF must be prepared for that parameter according to Section 7.3 or 7.4.

8. Quality Control

8.1 Each laboratory that uses this method is required to operate a formal quality control program. The minimum requirements of this program consist of an initial demonstration of laboratory capability and an ongoing analysis of spiked samples to evaluate and document data quality. The laboratory must maintain records to document the quality of data that is generated. Ongoing data quality checks are compared with established performance criteria to determine if the results of analyses meet the performance characteristics of the method. When results of sample spikes indicate atypical method performance, a quality control check standard must be analyzed to confirm that the measurements were performed in an in-control mode of operation.

8.1.1 The analyst must make an initial, one-time, demonstration of the ability to generate acceptable accuracy and precision with this method. This ability is established as described in Section 8.2.

8.1.2 In recognition of advances that are occurring in chromatography, the analyst is permitted certain options (detailed in Section 10.1) to improve the separations or lower the cost of measurements. Each time such a modification is made to the method, the analyst is required to repeat the procedure in Section 8.2.

8.1.3 Each day, the analyst must analyze a reagent water blank to demonstrate that interferences from the analytical system are under control.

8.1.4 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, spike and analyze a minimum of 10% of all samples to monitor and evaluate laboratory data quality. This procedure is described in Section 8.3.

8.1.5 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, demonstrate through the analyses of quality control check standards that the operation of the measurement system is in control. This procedure is described in Section 8.4. The frequency of the check standard analyses is equivalent to 10% of all samples analyzed but may be reduced if spike recoveries from samples (Section 8.3) meet all specified quality control criteria.

8.1.6 The laboratory must maintain performance records to document the quality of data that is generated. This procedure is described in Section 8.5.

8.2 To establish the ability to generate acceptable accuracy and precision, the analyst must perform the following operations.

8.2.1 A quality control (QC) check sample concentrate is required containing each parameter of interest at a concentration of 10 µg/mL in methanol. The QC check sample concentrate must be obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio, if available. If not available from that source, the QC check sample concentrate must be obtained from another external source. If not available from either source above, the QC check sample concentrate must be prepared by the laboratory using stock standards prepared independently from those used for calibration.

8.2.2 Prepare a QC check sample to contain 20 µg/L of each parameter by adding 200 µL of QC check sample concentrate to 100 mL of reagent water.

8.2.3 Analyze four 5-mL aliquots of the well-mixed QC check sample according to Section 10.

8.2.4 Calculate the average recovery (X
) in µg/L, and the standard deviation of the recovery (s) in µg/L, for each parameter of interest using the four results.

8.2.5 For each parameter compare s and X
with the corresponding acceptance criteria for precision and accuracy, respectively, found in Table 2. If s and X
for all parameters of interest meet the acceptance criteria, the system performance is acceptable and analysis of actual samples can begin. If any individual s exceeds the precision limit or any individual X
falls outside the range for accuracy, then the system performance is unacceptable for that parameter.

Note:

The large number of parameters in Table 2 present a substantial probability that one or more will fail at least one of the acceptance criteria when all parameters are analyzed.

8.2.6 When one or more of the parameters tested fail at least one of the acceptance criteria, the analyst must proceed according to Section 8.2.6.1 or 8.2.6.2.

8.2.6.1 Locate and correct the source of the problem and repeat the test for all parameters of interest beginning with Section 8.2.3.

8.2.6.2 Beginning with Section 8.2.3, repeat the test only for those parameters that failed to meet criteria. Repeated failure, however, will confirm a general problem with the measurement system. If this occurs, locate and correct the source of the problem and repeat the test for all compounds of interest beginning with Section 8.2.3.

8.3 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, spike at least 10% of the samples from each sample site being monitored to assess accuracy. For laboratories analyzing one to ten samples per month, at least one spiked sample per month is required.

8.3.1 The concentration of the spike in the sample should be determined as follows:

8.3.1.1 If, as in compliance monitoring, the concentration of a specific parameter in the sample is being checked against a regulatory concentration limit, the spike should be at that limit or 1 to 5 times higher than the background concentration determined in Section 8.3.2, whichever concentration would be larger.

8.3.1.2 If the concentration of a specific parameter in the sample is not being checked against a limit specific to that parameter, the spike should be at 20 µg/L or 1 to 5 times higher than the background concentration determined in Section 8.3.2, whichever concentration would be larger.

8.3.2 Analyze one 5-mL sample aliquot to determine the background concentration (B) of each parameter. If necessary, prepare a new QC check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1) appropriate for the background concentrations in the sample. Spike a second 5-mL sample aliquot with 10 µL of the QC check sample concentrate and analyze it to determine the concentration after spiking (A) of each parameter. Calculate each percent recovery (P) as 100(A−B)%/T, where T is the known true value of the spike.

8.3.3 Compare the percent recovery (P) for each parameter with the corresponding QC acceptance criteria found in Table 2. These acceptance criteria were calculated to include an allowance for error in measurement of both the background and spike concentrations, assuming a spike to background ratio of 5:1. This error will be accounted for to the extent that the analyst’s spike to background ratio approaches 5:1.
7 If spiking was performed at a concentration lower than 20 µg/L, the analyst must use either the QC acceptance criteria in Table 2, or optional QC acceptance criteria calculated for the specific spike concentration. To calculate optional acceptance criteria for the recovery of a parameter: (1) Calculate accuracy (X′) using the equation in Table 3, substituting the spike concentration (T) for C; (2) calculate overall precision (S′) using the equation in Table 3, substituting X′ for X
; (3) calculate the range for recovery at the spike concentration as (100 X′/T)±2.44(100 S′/T)%.
7

8.3.4 If any individual P falls outside the designated range for recovery, that parameter has failed the acceptance criteria. A check standard containing each parameter that failed the criteria must be analyzed as described in Section 8.4.

8.4 If any parameter fails the acceptance criteria for recovery in Section 8.3, a QC check standard containing each parameter that failed must be prepared and analyzed.

Note:

The frequency for the required analysis of a QC check standard will depend upon the number of parameters being simultaneously tested, the complexity of the sample matrix, and the performance of the laboratory. If the entire list of parameters in Table 2 must be measured in the sample in Section 8.3, the probability that the analysis of a QC check standard will be required is high. In this case the QC check standard should be routinely analyzed with the spiked sample.

8.4.1 Prepare the QC check standard by adding 10 µL of QC check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1 or 8.3.2) to 5 mL of reagent water. The QC check standard needs only to contain the parameters that failed criteria in the test in Section 8.3.

8.4.2 Analyze the QC check standard to determine the concentration measured (A) of each parameter. Calculate each percent recovery (Ps) as 100 (A/T)%, where T is the true value of the standard concentration.

8.4.3 Compare the percent recovery (Ps) for each parameter with the corresponding QC acceptance criteria found in Table 2. Only parameters that failed the test in Section 8.3 need to be compared with these criteria. If the recovery of any such parameter falls outside the designated range, the laboratory performance for that parameter is judged to be out of control, and the problem must be immediately identified and corrected. The analytical result for that parameter in the unspiked sample is suspect and may not be reported for regulatory compliance purposes.

8.5 As part of the QC program for the laboratory, method accuracy for wastewater samples must be assessed and records must be maintained. After the analysis of five spiked wastewater samples as in Section 8.3, calculate the average percent recovery (P
) and the standard deviation of the percent recovery (sp). Express the accuracy assessment as a percent recovery interval from P
−2sp to P
+ 2sp. If p
= 90% and sp = 10%, for example, the accuracy interval is expressed as 70-110%. Update the accuracy assessment for each parameter on a regular basis (e.g. after each five to ten new accuracy measurements).

8.6 It is recommended that the laboratory adopt additional quality assurance practices for use with this method. The specific practices that are most productive depend upon the needs of the laboratory and the nature of the samples. Field duplicates may be analyzed to assess the precision of the environmental measurements. When doubt exists over the identification of a peak on the chromatogram, confirmatory techniques such as gas chromatography with a dissimilar column, specific element detector, or mass spectrometer must be used. Whenever possible, the laboratory should analyze standard reference materials and participate in relevant performance evaluation studies.

8.7 The analyst should monitor both the performance of the analytical system and the effectiveness of the method in dealing with each sample matrix by spiking each sample, standard, and reagent water blank with surrogate halocarbons. A combination of bromochloromethane, 2-bromo-1-chloropropane, and 1,4-dichlorobutane is recommended to encompass the range of the temperature program used in this method. From stock standard solutions prepared as in Section 6.5, add a volume to give 750 µg of each surrogate to 45 mL of reagent water contained in a 50-mL volumetric flask, mix and dilute to volume for a concentration of 15 ng/µL. Add 10 µL of this surrogate spiking solution directly into the 5-mL syringe with every sample and reference standard analyzed. Prepare a fresh surrogate spiking solution on a weekly basis. If the internal standard calibration procedure is being used, the surrogate compounds may be added directly to the internal standard spiking solution (Section 7.4.2).

9. Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling

9.1 All samples must be iced or refrigerated from the time of collection until analysis. If the sample contains free or combined chlorine, add sodium thiosulfate preservative (10 mg/40 mL is sufficient for up to 5 ppm Cl2) to the empty sample bottle just prior to shipping to the sampling site. EPA Methods 330.4 and 330.5 may be used for measurement of residual chlorine.
8 Field test kits are available for this purpose.

9.2 Grab samples must be collected in glass containers having a total volume of at least 25 mL. Fill the sample bottle just to overflowing in such a manner that no air bubbles pass through the sample as the bottle is being filled. Seal the bottle so that no air bubbles are entrapped in it. If preservative has been added, shake vigorously for 1 min. Maintain the hermetic seal on the sample bottle until time of analysis.

9.3 All samples must be analyzed within 14 days of collection.
3

10. Procedure

10.1 Table 1 summarizes the recommended operating conditions for the gas chromatograph. Included in this table are estimated retention times and MDL that can be achieved under these conditions. An example of the separations achieved by Column 1 is shown in Figure 5. Other packed columns, chromatographic conditions, or detectors may be used if the requirements of Section 8.2 are met.

10.2 Calibrate the system daily as described in Section 7.

10.3 Adjust the purge gas (nitrogen or helium) flow rate to 40 mL/min. Attach the trap inlet to the purging device, and set the purge and trap system to purge (Figure 3). Open the syringe valve located on the purging device sample introduction needle.

10.4 Allow the sample to come to ambient temperature prior to introducing it to the syringe. Remove the plunger from a 5-mL syringe and attach a closed syringe valve. Open the sample bottle (or standard) and carefully pour the sample into the syringe barrel to just short of overflowing. Replace the syringe plunger and compress the sample. Open the syringe valve and vent any residual air while adjusting the sample volume to 5.0 mL. Since this process of taking an aliquot destroys the validity of the sample for future analysis, the analyst should fill a second syringe at this time to protect against possible loss of data. Add 10.0 µL of the surrogate spiking solution (Section 8.7) and 10.0 µL of the internal standard spiking solution (Section 7.4.2), if applicable, through the valve bore, then close the valve.

10.5 Attach the syringe-syringe valve assembly to the syringe valve on the purging device. Open the syringe valves and inject the sample into the purging chamber.

10.6 Close both valves and purge the sample for 11.0 ±0.1 min at ambient temperature.

10.7 After the 11-min purge time, attach the trap to the chromatograph, adjust the purge and trap system to the desorb mode (Figure 4), and begin to temperature program the gas chromatograph. Introduce the trapped materials to the GC column by rapidly heating the trap to 180 °C while backflushing the trap with an inert gas between 20 and 60 mL/min for 4 min. If rapid heating of the trap cannot be achieved, the GC column must be used as a secondary trap by cooling it to 30 °C (subambient temperature, if poor peak geometry or random retention time problems persist) instead of the initial program temperature of 45 °C

10.8 While the trap is being desorbed into the gas chromatograph, empty the purging chamber using the sample introduction syringe. Wash the chamber with two 5-mL flushes of reagent water.

10.9 After desorbing the sample for 4 min, recondition the trap by returning the purge and trap system to the purge mode. Wait 15 s then close the syringe valve on the purging device to begin gas flow through the trap. The trap temperature should be maintained at 180 °C After approximately 7 min, turn off the trap heater and open the syringe valve to stop the gas flow through the trap. When the trap is cool, the next sample can be analyzed.

10.10 Identify the parameters in the sample by comparing the retention times of the peaks in the sample chromatogram with those of the peaks in standard chromatograms. The width of the retention time window used to make identifications should be based upon measurements of actual retention time variations of standards over the course of a day. Three times the standard deviation of a retention time for a compound can be used to calculate a suggested window size; however, the experience of the analyst should weigh heavily in the interpretation of chromatograms.

10.11 If the response for a peak exceeds the working range of the system, prepare a dilution of the sample with reagent water from the aliquot in the second syringe and reanalyze.

11. Calculations

11.1 Determine the concentration of individual compounds in the sample.

11.1.1 If the external standard calibration procedure is used, calculate the concentration of the parameter being measured from the peak response using the calibration curve or calibration factor determined in Section 7.3.2.

11.1.2 If the internal standard calibration procedure is used, calculate the concentration in the sample using the response factor (RF) determined in Section 7.4.3 and Equation 2.

Equation 2

where:

As = Response for the parameter to be measured.

Ais = Response for the internal standard.

Cis = Concentration of the internal standard.

11.2 Report results in µg/L without correction for recovery data. All QC data obtained should be reported with the sample results.

12. Method Performance

12.1 The method detection limit (MDL) is defined as the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the value is above zero.
1 The MDL concentration listed in Table 1 were obtained using reagent water.
11. Similar results were achieved using representative wastewaters. The MDL actually achieved in a given analysis will vary depending on instrument sensitivity and matrix effects.

12.2 This method is recommended for use in the concentration range from the MDL to 1000 × MDL. Direct aqueous injection techniques should be used to measure concentration levels above 1000 × MDL.

12.3 This method was tested by 20 laboratories using reagent water, drinking water, surface water, and three industrial wastewaters spiked at six concentrations over the range 8.0 to 500 µg/L.
9 Single operator precision, overall precision, and method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the parameter and essentially independent of the sample matrix. Linear equations to describe these relationships are presented in Table 3.

References

1. 40 CFR part 136, appendix B.

2. Bellar, T.A., and Lichtenberg, J.J. “Determining Volatile Organics at Microgram-per-Litre-Levels by Gas Chromatography,” Journal of the American Water Works Association, 66, 739 (1974).

3. Bellar, T.A., and Lichtenberg, J.J. “Semi-Automated Headspace Analysis of Drinking Waters and Industrial Waters for Purgeable Volatile Organic Compounds,” Proceedings from Symposium on Measurement of Organic Pollutants in Water and Wastewater, American Society for Testing and Materials, STP 686, C.E. Van Hall, editor, 1978.

4. “Carcinogens—Working With Carcinogens,” Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Publication No. 77-206, August 1977.

5. “OSHA Safety and Health Standards, General Industry” (29 CFR part 1910), Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA 2206 (Revised, January 1976).

6. “Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories,” American Chemical Society Publication, Committee on Chemical Safety, 3rd Edition, 1979.

7. Provost, L.P., and Elder, R.S. “Interpretation of Percent Recovery Data,” American Laboratory, 15, 58-63 (1983). (The value 2.44 used in the equation in Section 8.3.3 is two times the value 1.22 derived in this report.)

8. “Methods 330.4 (Titrimetric, DPD-FAS) and 330.5 (Spectrophotometric, DPD) for Chlorine, Total Residual,” Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA 600/4-79-020, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, March 1979.

9. “EPA Method Study 24, Method 601—Purgeable Halocarbons by the Purge and Trap Method,” EPA 600/4-84-064, National Technical Information Service, PB84-212448, Springfield, Virginia 22161, July 1984.

10. “Method Validation Data for EPA Method 601,” Memorandum from B. Potter, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, November 10, 1983.

11. Bellar, T. A., Unpublished data, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, 1981.

Table 1—Chromatographic Conditions and Method Detection Limits

Parameter	Retention time (min)		Method detection limit (µg/L)
Parameter	Column 1	Column 2	Method detection limit (µg/L)
Chloromethane	1.50	5.28	0.08
Bromomethane	2.17	7.05	1.18
Dichlorodifluoromethane	2.62	nd	1.81
Vinyl chloride	2.67	5.28	0.18
Chloroethane	3.33	8.68	0.52
Methylene chloride	5.25	10.1	0.25
Trichlorofluoromethane	7.18	nd	nd
1,1-Dichloroethene	7.93	7.72	0.13
1,1-Dichloroethane	9.30	12.6	0.07
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene	10.1	9.38	0.10
Chloroform	10.7	12.1	0.05
1,2-Dichloroethane	11.4	15.4	0.03
1,1,1-Trichloroethane	12.6	13.1	0.03
Carbon tetrachloride	13.0	14.4	0.12
Bromodichloromethane	13.7	14.6	0.10
1,2-Dichloropropane	14.9	16.6	0.04
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene	15.2	16.6	0.34
Trichloroethene	15.8	13.1	0.12
Dibromochloromethane	16.5	16.6	0.09
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	16.5	18.1	0.02
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene	16.5	18.0	0.20
2-Chloroethylvinyl ether	18.0	nd	0.13
Bromoform	19.2	19.2	0.20
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane	21.6	nd	0.03
Tetrachloroethene	21.7	15.0	0.03
Chlorobenzene	24.2	18.8	0.25
1,3-Dichlorobenzene	34.0	22.4	0.32
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	34.9	23.5	0.15
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	35.4	22.3	0.24

Column 1 conditions: Carbopack B (60/80 mesh) coated with 1% SP-1000 packed in an 8 ft × 0.1 in. ID stainless steel or glass column with helium carrier gas at 40 mL/min flow rate. Column temperature held at 45 °C for 3 min then programmed at 8 °C/min to 220 °C and held for 15 min.

Column 2 conditions: Porisil-C (100/120 mesh) coated with n-octane packed in a 6 ft × 0.1 in. ID stainless steel or glass column with helium carrier gas at 40 mL/min flow rate. Column temperature held at 50 °C for 3 min then programmed at 6 °C/min to 170 °C and held for 4 min.

nd = not determined.

Table 2—Calibration and QC Acceptance Criteria—Method 601
^a

Parameter	Range for Q (µg/L)	Limit for s (µg/L)	Range for X (µg/L)	Range P, Ps (%)
Bromodichloromethane	15.2-24.8	4.3	10.7-32.0	42-172
Bromoform	14.7-25.3	4.7	5.0-29.3	13-159
Bromomethane	11.7-28.3	7.6	3.4-24.5	D-144
Carbon tetrachloride	13.7-26.3	5.6	11.8-25.3	43-143
Chlorobenzene	14.4-25.6	5.0	10.2-27.4	38-150
Chloroethane	15.4-24.6	4.4	11.3-25.2	46-137
2-Chloroethylvinyl ether	12.0-28.0	8.3	4.5-35.5	14-186
Chloroform	15.0-25.0	4.5	12.4-24.0	49-133
Chloromethane	11.9-28.1	7.4	D-34.9	D-193
Dibromochloromethane	13.1-26.9	6.3	7.9-35.1	24-191
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	14.0-26.0	5.5	1.7-38.9	D-208
1,3-Dichlorobenzene	9.9-30.1	9.1	6.2-32.6	7-187
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	13.9-26.1	5.5	11.5-25.5	42-143
1,1-Dichloroethane	16.8-23.2	3.2	11.2-24.6	47-132
1,2-Dichloroethane	14.3-25.7	5.2	13.0-26.5	51-147
1,1-Dichloroethene	12.6-27.4	6.6	10.2-27.3	28-167
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene	12.8-27.2	6.4	11.4-27.1	38-155
1,2-Dichloropropane	14.8-25.2	5.2	10.1-29.9	44-156
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene	12.8-27.2	7.3	6.2-33.8	22-178
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene	12.8-27.2	7.3	6.2-33.8	22-178
Methylene chloride	15.5-24.5	4.0	7.0-27.6	25-162
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane	9.8-30.2	9.2	6.6-31.8	8-184
Tetrachloroethene	14.0-26.0	5.4	8.1-29.6	26-162
1,1,1-Trichloroethane	14.2-25.8	4.9	10.8-24.8	41-138
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	15.7-24.3	3.9	9.6-25.4	39-136
Trichloroethene	15.4-24.6	4.2	9.2-26.6	35-146
Trichlorofluoromethane	13.3-26.7	6.0	7.4-28.1	21-156
Vinyl chloride	13.7-26.3	5.7	8.2-29.9	28-163

^a Criteria were calculated assuming a QC check sample concentration of 20 µg/L.

Q = Concentration measured in QC check sample, in µg/L (Section 7.5.3).

s = Standard deviation of four recovery measurements, in µg/L (Section 8.2.4).

X
= Average recovery for four recovery measurements, in µg/L (Section 8.2.4).

P, Ps = Percent recovery measured (Section 8.3.2, Section 8.4.2).

D = Detected; result must be greater than zero.

Note: These criteria are based directly upon the method performance data in Table 3. Where necessary, the limits for recovery have been broadened to assure applicability of the limits to concentrations below those used to develop Table 3.

Table 3—Method Accuracy and Precision as Functions of Concentration—Method 601

Parameter	Accuracy, as recovery, X′ (µg/L)	Single analyst precision, sr′ (µg/L)	Overall precision, S′ (µg/L)
Bromodichloromethane	1.12C−1.02	0.11X + 0.04	0.20X + 1.00
Bromoform	0.96C−2.05	0.12X + 0.58	0.21X + 2.41
Bromomethane	0.76C−1.27	0.28X + 0.27	0.36X + 0.94
Carbon tetrachloride	0.98C−1.04	0.15X + 0.38	0.20X + 0.39
Chlorobenzene	1.00C−1.23	0.15X −0.02	0.18X + 1.21
Choroethane	0.99C−1.53	0.14X −0.13	0.17X + 0.63
2-Chloroethylvinyl ether ^a	1.00C	0.20X	0.35X
Chloroform	0.93C−0.39	0.13X + 0.15	0.19X −0.02
Chloromethane	0.77C + 0.18	0.28X −0.31	0.52X + 1.31
Dibromochloromethane	0.94C + 2.72	0.11X + 1.10	0.24X + 1.68
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	0.93C + 1.70	0.20X + 0.97	0.13X + 6.13
1,3-Dichlorobenzene	0.95C + 0.43	0.14X + 2.33	0.26X + 2.34
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	0.93C−0.09	0.15X + 0.29	0.20X + 0.41
1,1-Dichloroethane	0.95C−1.08	0.09X + 0.17	0.14X + 0.94
1,2-Dichloroethane	1.04C−1.06	0.11X + 0.70	0.15X + 0.94
1,1-Dichloroethene	0.98C−0.87	0.21X −0.23	0.29X −0.40
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene	0.97C−0.16	0.11X + 1.46	0.17X + 1.46
1,2-Dichloropropane ^a	1.00C	0.13X	0.23X
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene ^a	1.00C	0.18X	0.32X
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene ^a	1.00C	0.18X	0.32X
Methylene chloride	0.91C−0.93	0.11X + 0.33	0.21X + 1.43
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethene	0.95C + 0.19	0.14X + 2.41	0.23X + 2.79
Tetrachloroethene	0.94C + 0.06	0.14X + 0.38	0.18X + 2.21
1,1,1-Trichloroethane	0.90C−0.16	0.15X + 0.04	0.20X + 0.37
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	0.86C + 0.30	0.13X −0.14	0.19X + 0.67
Trichloroethene	0.87C + 0.48	0.13X −0.03	0.23X + 0.30
Trichlorofluoromethane	0.89C−0.07	0.15X + 0.67	0.26X + 0.91
Vinyl chloride	0.97C−0.36	0.13X + 0.65	0.27X + 0.40

X
′ = Expected recovery for one or more measurements of a sample containing a concentration of C, in µg/L.

sn′ = Expected single analyst standard deviation of measurements at an average concentration found of X
, in µg/L.

S
¹ = Expected interlaboratory standard deviation of measurements at an average concentration found of X
, in µg/L.

C = True value for the concentration, in µg/L.

X
= Average recovery found for measurements of samples containing a concentration of C, in µg/L.

^a Estimates based upon the performance in a single laboratory.
¹⁰

Method 602—Purgeable Aromatics

1. Scope and Application

1.1 This method covers the determination of various purgeable aromatics. The following parameters may be determined by this method:

Parameter	STORET No.	CAS No.
Benzene	34030	71-43-2
Chlorobenzene	34301	108-90-7
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	34536	95-50-1
1,3-Dichlorobenzene	34566	541-73-1
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	34571	106-46-7
Ethylbenzene	34371	100-41-4
Toluene	34010	108-88-3

2. Summary of Method

2.1 An inert gas is bubbled through a 5-mL water sample contained in a specially-designed purging chamber at ambient temperature. The aromatics are efficiently transferred from the aqueous phase to the vapor phase. The vapor is swept through a sorbent trap where the aromatics are trapped. After purging is completed, the trap is heated and backflushed with the inert gas to desorb the aromatics onto a gas chromatographic column. The gas chromatograph is temperature programmed to separate the aromatics which are then detected with a photoionization detector.
2 3

2.2 The method provides an optional gas chromatographic column that may be helpful in resolving the compounds of interest from interferences that may occur.

3. Interferences

3.2 Samples can be contaminated by diffusion of volatile organics through the septum seal into the sample during shipment and storage. A field reagent blank prepared from reagent water and carried through the sampling and handling protocol can serve as a check on such contamination.

3.3 Contamination by carry-over can occur whenever high level and low level samples are sequentially analyzed. To reduce carry-over, the purging device and sample syringe must be rinsed with reagent water between sample analyses. Whenever an unusually concentrated sample is encountered, it should be followed by an analysis of reagent water to check for cross contamination. For samples containing large amounts of water-soluble materials, suspended solids, high boiling compounds or high aromatic levels, it may be necessary to wash the purging device with a detergent solution, rinse it with distilled water, and then dry it in an oven at 105 °C between analyses. The trap and other parts of the system are also subject to contamination; therefore, frequent bakeout and purging of the entire system may be required.

4. Safety

4.2 The following parameters covered by this method have been tentatively classified as known or suspected, human or mammalian carcinogens: benzene and 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Primary standards of these toxic compounds should be prepared in a hood. A NIOSH/MESA approved toxic gas respirator should be worn when the analyst handles high concentrations of these toxic compounds.

5. Apparatus and Materials

5.1 Sampling equipment, for discrete sampling.

5.1.1 Vial]25-mL capacity or larger, equipped with a screw cap with a hole in the center (Pierce #13075 or equivalent). Detergent wash, rinse with tap and distilled water, and dry at 105 °C before use.

5.1.2 Septum—Teflon-faced silicone (Pierce #12722 or equivalent). Detergent wash, rinse with tap and distilled water, and dry at 105 °C for 1 h before use.

5.2 Purge and trap system—The purge and trap system consists of three separate pieces of equipment: A purging device, trap, and desorber. Several complete systems are now commercially available.

5.2.2 The trap must be at least 25 cm long and have an inside diameter of at least 0.105 in.

5.2.2.1 The trap is packed with 1 cm of methyl silicone coated packing (Section 6.4.2) and 23 cm of 2,6-diphenylene oxide polymer (Section 6.4.1) as shown in Figure 2. This trap was used to develop the method performance statements in Section 12.

5.2.2.2 Alternatively, either of the two traps described in Method 601 may be used, although water vapor will preclude the measurement of low concentrations of benzene.

5.2.4 The purge and trap system may be assembled as a separate unit or be coupled to a gas chromatograph as illustrated in Figures 3, 4, and 5.

5.3.1 Column 1—6 ft long × 0.082 in. ID stainless steel or glass, packed with 5% SP-1200 and 1.75% Bentone-34 on Supelcoport (100/120 mesh) or equivalent. This column was used to develop the method performance statements in Section 12. Guidelines for the use of alternate column packings are provided in Section 10.1.

5.3.2 Column 2—8 ft long × 0.1 in ID stainless steel or glass, packed with 5% 1,2,3-Tris(2-cyanoethoxy)propane on Chromosorb W-AW (60/80 mesh) or equivalent.

5.3.3 Detector—Photoionization detector (h-Nu Systems, Inc. Model PI-51-02 or equivalent). This type of detector has been proven effective in the analysis of wastewaters for the parameters listed in the scope (Section 1.1), and was used to develop the method performance statements in Section 12. Guidelines for the use of alternate detectors are provided in Section 10.1.

5.4 Syringes—5-mL glass hypodermic with Luerlok tip (two each), if applicable to the purging device.

5.5 Micro syringes—25-µL, 0.006 in. ID needle.

5.6 Syringe valve—2-way, with Luer ends (three each).

5.7 Bottle—15-mL, screw-cap, with Teflon cap liner.

5.8 Balance—Analytical, capable of accurately weighing 0.0001 g.

6. Reagents

6.1 Reagent water—Reagent water is defined as a water in which an interferent is not observed at the MDL of the parameters of interest.

6.1.1 Reagent water can be generated by passing tap water through a carbon filter bed containing about 1 lb of activated carbon (Filtrasorb-300, Calgon Corp., or equivalent).

6.1.2 A water purification system (Millipore Super-Q or equivalent) may be used to generate reagent water.

6.2 Sodium thiosulfate—(ACS) Granular.

6.3 Hydrochloric acid (1 + 1)—Add 50 mL of concentrated HCl (ACS) to 50 mL of reagent water.

6.4 Trap Materials:

6.4.1 2,6-Diphenylene oxide polymer—Tenax, (60/80 mesh), chromatographic grade or equivalent.

6.4.2 Methyl silicone packing—3% OV-1 on Chromosorb-W (60/80 mesh) or equivalent.

6.5 Methanol—Pesticide quality or equivalent.

6.6 Stock standard solutions—Stock standard solutions may be prepared from pure standard materials or purchased as certified solutions. Prepare stock standard solutions in methanol using assayed liquids. Because of the toxicity of benzene and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, primary dilutions of these materials should be prepared in a hood. A NIOSH/MESA approved toxic gas respirator should be used when the analyst handles high concentrations of such materials.

6.6.1 Place about 9.8 mL of methanol into a 10-mL ground glass stoppered volumetric flask. Allow the flask to stand, unstoppered, for about 10 min or until all alcohol wetted surfaces have dried. Weigh the flask to the nearest 0.1 mg.

6.6.2 Using a 100-µL syringe, immediately add two or more drops of assayed reference material to the flask, then reweigh. Be sure that the drops fall directly into the alcohol without contacting the neck of the flask.

6.6.4 Transfer the stock standard solution into a Teflon-sealed screw-cap bottle. Store at 4 °C and protect from light.

6.6.5 All standards must be replaced after one month, or sooner if comparison with check standards indicates a problem.

6.7 Secondary dilution standards—Using stock standard solutions, prepare secondary dilution standards in methanol that contain the compounds of interest, either singly or mixed together. The secondary dilution standards should be prepared at concentrations such that the aqueous calibration standards prepared in Section 7.3.1 or 7.4.1 will bracket the working range of the analytical system. Secondary solution standards must be stored with zero headspace and should be checked frequently for signs of degradation or evaporation, especially just prior to preparing calibration standards from them.

6.8 Quality control check sample concentrate—See Section 8.2.1.

7. Calibration

7.3 External standard calibration procedure:

7.3.1 Prepare calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter by carefully adding 20.0 µL of one or more secondary dilution standards to 100, 500, or 1000 mL of reagent water. A 25-µL syringe with a 0.006 in. ID needle should be used for this operation. One of the external standards should be at a concentration near, but above, the MDL (Table 1) and the other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples or should define the working range of the detector. These aqueous standards must be prepared fresh daily.

7.4 Internal standard calibration procedure—To use this approach, the analyst must select one or more internal standards that are similar in analytical behavior to the compounds of interest. The analyst must further demonstrate that the measurement of the internal standard is not affected by method or matrix interferences. Because of these limitations, no internal standard can be suggested that is applicable to all samples. The compound, α,α,α,-trifluorotoluene, recommended as a surrogate spiking compound in Section 8.7 has been used successfully as an internal standard.

7.4.1 Prepare calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter of interest as described in Section 7.3.1.

7.4.2 Prepare a spiking solution containing each of the internal standards using the procedures described in Sections 6.6 and 6.7. It is recommended that the secondary dilution standard be prepared at a concentration of 15 µg/mL of each internal standard compound. The addition of 10 µl of this standard to 5.0 mL of sample or calibration standard would be equivalent to 30 µg/L.

RF = (As)(Cis (Ais)(Cs)

Equation 1

where:

As = Response for the parameter to be measured.

Ais = Response for the internal standard.

Cis = Concentration of the internal standard

Cs = Concentration of the parameter to be measured.

If the RF value over the working range is a constant (s/Ais, vs. RF.

7.5 The working calibration curve, calibration factor, or RF must be verified on each working day by the measurement of a QC check sample.

7.5.1 Prepare the QC check sample as described in Section 8.2.2.

7.5.2 Analyze the QC check sample according to Section 10.

8. Quality Control

8.1.1 The analyst must make an initial, one-time, demonstration of the ability to generate acceptable accuracy and precision with this method. This ability is established as described in Section 8.2.

8.1.3 Each day, the analyst must analyze a reagent water blank to demonstrate that interferences from the analytical system are under control.

8.1.4 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, spike and analyze a minimum of 10% of all samples to monitor and evaluate laboratory data quality. This procedure is described in Section 8.3.

8.1.6 The laboratory must maintain performance records to document the quality of data that is generated. This procedure is described in Section 8.5.

8.2 To establish the ability to generate acceptable accuracy and precision, the analyst must perform the following operations.

8.2.2 Prepare a QC check sample to contain 20 µg/L of each parameter by adding 200 µL of QC check sample concentrate to 100 mL of reagant water.

8.2.3 Analyze four 5-mL aliquots of the well-mixed QC check sample according to Section 10.

8.2.4 Calculate the average recovery (X
) in µg/L, and the standard deviation of the recovery (s) in µg/L, for each parameter of interest using the four results.

8.2.5 For each parameter compare s and X
with the corresponding acceptance criteria for precision and accuracy, respectively, found in Table 2. If s and X
for all parameters of interest meet the acceptance criteria, the system performance is acceptable and analysis of actual samples can begin. If any individual s exceeds the precision limit or any individual X
falls outside the range for accuracy, the system performance is unacceptable for that parameter.

Note:

The large number of parameters in Table 2 present a substantial probability that one or more will fail at least one of the acceptance criteria when all parameters are analyzed.

8.2.6 When one or more of the parameters tested fail at least one of the acceptance criteria, the analyst must proceed according to Section 8.2.6.1 or 8.2.6.2.

8.2.6.1 Locate and correct the source of the problem and repeat the test for all parameters of interest beginning with Section 8.2.3.

8.3.1 The concentration of the spike in the sample should be determined as follows:

8.4 If any parameter fails the acceptance criteria for recovery in Section 8.3, a QC check standard containing each parameter that failed must be prepared and analyzed.

Note:

8.5 As part of the QC program for the laboratory, method accuracy for wastewater samples must be assessed and records must be maintained. After the analysis of five spiked wastewater samples as in Section 8.3, calculate the average percent recovery (P
) and the standard deviation of the percent recovery (sp). Express the accuracy assessment as a percent recovery interval from P
−2sp to P
+ 2sp. If P
= 90% and sp = 10%, for example, the accuracy interval is expressed as 70-110%. Update the accuracy assessment for each parameter on a regular basis (e.g. after each five to ten new accuracy measurements).

8.7 The analyst should monitor both the performance of the analytical system and the effectiveness of the method in dealing with each sample matrix by spiking each sample, standard, and reagent water blank with surrogate compounds (e.g. α, α, α,-trifluorotoluene) that encompass the range of the temperature program used in this method. From stock standard solutions prepared as in Section 6.6, add a volume to give 750 µg of each surrogate to 45 mL of reagent water contained in a 50-mL volumetric flask, mix and dilute to volume for a concentration of 15 mg/µL. Add 10 µL of this surrogate spiking solution directly into the 5-mL syringe with every sample and reference standard analyzed. Prepare a fresh surrogate spiking solution on a weekly basis. If the internal standard calibration procedure is being used, the surrogate compounds may be added directly to the internal standard spiking solution (Section 7.4.2).

9. Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling

9.1 The samples must be iced or refrigerated from the time of collection until analysis. If the sample contains free or combined chlorine, add sodium thiosulfate preservative (10 mg/40 mL is sufficient for up to 5 ppm Cl2) to the empty sample bottle just prior to shipping to the sampling site. EPA Method 330.4 or 330.5 may be used for measurement of residual chlorine.
8 Field test kits are available for this purpose.

9.2 Collect about 500 mL of sample in a clean container. Adjust the pH of the sample to about 2 by adding 1 + 1 HCl while stirring. Fill the sample bottle in such a manner that no air bubbles pass through the sample as the bottle is being filled. Seal the bottle so that no air bubbles are entrapped in it. Maintain the hermetic seal on the sample bottle until time of analysis.

9.3 All samples must be analyzed within 14 days of collection.
3

10. Procedure

10.1 Table 1 summarizes the recommended operating conditions for the gas chromatograph. Included in this table are estimated retention times and MDL that can be achieved under these conditions. An example of the separations achieved by Column 1 is shown in Figure 6. Other packed columns, chromatographic conditions, or detectors may be used if the requirements of Section 8.2 are met.

10.2 Calibrate the system daily as described in Section 7.

10.5 Attach the syringe-syringe valve assembly to the syringe valve on the purging device. Open the syringe valves and inject the sample into the purging chamber.

10.6 Close both valves and purge the sample for 12.0 ±0.1 min at ambient temperature.

10.7 After the 12-min purge time, disconnect the purging device from the trap. Dry the trap by maintaining a flow of 40 mL/min of dry purge gas through it for 6 min (Figure 4). If the purging device has no provision for bypassing the purger for this step, a dry purger should be inserted into the device to minimize moisture in the gas. Attach the trap to the chromatograph, adjust the purge and trap system to the desorb mode (Figure 5), and begin to temperature program the gas chromatograph. Introduce the trapped materials to the GC column by rapidly heating the trap to 180 °C while backflushing the trap with an inert gas between 20 and 60 mL/min for 4 min. If rapid heating of the trap cannot be achieved, the GC column must be used as a secondary trap by cooling it to 30 °C (subambient temperature, if poor peak geometry and random retention time problems persist) instead of the initial program temperature of 50 °C.

10.8 While the trap is being desorbed into the gas chromatograph column, empty the purging chamber using the sample introduction syringe. Wash the chamber with two 5-mL flushes of reagent water.

10.9 After desorbing the sample for 4 min, recondition the trap by returning the purge and trap system to the purge mode. Wait 15 s, then close the syringe valve on the purging device to begin gas flow through the trap. The trap temperature should be maintained at 180 °C. After approximately 7 min, turn off the trap heater and open the syringe valve to stop the gas flow through the trap. When the trap is cool, the next sample can be analyzed.

10.11 If the response for a peak exceeds the working range of the system, prepare a dilution of the sample with reagent water from the aliquot in the second syringe and reanalyze.

11. Calculations

11.1 Determine the concentration of individual compounds in the sample.

11.1.2 If the internal standard calibration procedure is used, calculate the concentration in the sample using the response factor (RF) determined in Section 7.4.3 and Equation 2.

Equation 2

where:

As = Response for the parameter to be measured.

Ais = Response for the internal standard.

Cis = Concentration of the internal standard.

11.2 Report results in µg/L without correction for recovery data. All QC data obtained should be reported with the sample results.

12. Method Performance

12.1 The method detection limit (MDL) is defined as the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the value is above zero.
1 The MDL concentrations listed in Table 1 were obtained using reagent water.
9 Similar results were achieved using representative wastewaters. The MDL actually achieved in a given analysis will vary depending on instrument sensitivity and matrix effects.

12.2 This method has been demonstrated to be applicable for the concentration range from the MDL to 100 × MDL.
9 Direct aqueous injection techniques should be used to measure concentration levels above 1000 × MDL.

12.3 This method was tested by 20 laboratories using reagent water, drinking water, surface water, and three industrial wastewaters spiked at six concentrations over the range 2.1 to 550 µg/L.
9 Single operator precision, overall precision, and method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the parameter and essentially independent of the sample matrix. Linear equations to describe these relationships are presented in Table 3.

References

1. 40 CFR part 136, appendix B.

2. Lichtenberg, J.J. “Determining Volatile Organics at Microgram-per-Litre-Levels by Gas Chromatography,” Journal American Water Works Association, 66, 739 (1974).

3. Bellar, T.A., and Lichtenberg, J.J. “Semi-Automated Headspace Analysis of Drinking Waters and Industrial Waters for Purgeable Volatile Organic Compounds,” Proceedings of Symposium on Measurement of Organic Pollutants in Water and Wastewater. American Society for Testing and Materials, STP 686, C.E. Van Hall, editor, 1978.

4. “Carcinogens—Working with Carcinogens,” Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Publication No. 77-206, August 1977.

5. “OSHA Safety and Health Standards, General Industry,” (29 CFR part 1910), Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA 2206 (Revised, January 1976).

6. “Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories,” American Chemical Society Publication, Committee on Safety, 3rd Edition, 1979.

7. Provost, L.P., and Elder, R.S. “Interpretation of Percent Recovery Data,” American Laboratory, 15, 58-63 (1983). (The value 2.44 used in the equation in Section 8.3.3. is two times the value 1.22 derived in this report.)

8.“Methods 330.4 (Titrimetric, DPD-FAS) and 330.5 (Spectrophotometric, DPD) for Chlorine, Total Residual,” Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA-600/4-79-020, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. March 1979.

9. “EPA Method Study 25, Method 602, Purgeable Aromatics,” EPA 600/4-84-042, National Technical Information Service, PB84-196682, Springfield, Virginia 22161, May 1984.

Table 1—Chromatographic Conditions and Method Detection Limits

Parameter	Retention time (min)		Method detection limit (µg/L)
Parameter	Column 1	Column 2	Method detection limit (µg/L)
Benzene	3.33	2.75	0.2
Toluene	5.75	4.25	0.2
Ethylbenzene	8.25	6.25	0.2
Chlorobenzene	9.17	8.02	0.2
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	16.8	16.2	0.3
1,3-Dichlorobenzene	18.2	15.0	0.4
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	25.9	19.4	0.4

Column 1 conditions: Supelcoport (100/120 mesh) coated with 5% SP-1200/1.75% Bentone-34 packed in a 6 ft × 0.085 in. ID stainless steel column with helium carrier gas at 36 mL/min flow rate. Column temperature held at 50 °C for 2 min then programmed at 6 °C/min to 90 °C for a final hold.

Column 2 conditions: Chromosorb W-AW (60/80 mesh) coated with 5% 1,2,3-Tris(2-cyanoethyoxy)propane packed in a 6 ft × 0.085 in. ID stainless steel column with helium carrier gas at 30 mL/min flow rate. Column temperature held at 40 °C for 2 min then programmed at 2 °C/min to 100 °C for a final hold.

Table 2—Calibration and QC Acceptance Criteria—Method 602
^a

Parameter	Range for Q (µg/L)	Limit for s (µg/L)	Range for X (µg/L)	Range for P, Ps(%)
Benzene	15.4-24.6	4.1	10.0-27.9	39-150
Chlorobenzene	16.1-23.9	3.5	12.7-25.4	55-135
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	13.6-26.4	5.8	10.6-27.6	37-154
1,3-Dichlorobenzene	14.5-25.5	5.0	12.8-25.5	50-141
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	13.9-26.1	5.5	11.6-25.5	42-143
Ethylbenzene	12.6-27.4	6.7	10.0-28.2	32-160
Toluene	15.5-24.5	4.0	11.2-27.7	46-148

Q = Concentration measured in QC check sample, in µg/L (Section 7.5.3).

s = Standard deviation of four recovery measurements, in µg/L (Section 8.2.4).

X
= Average recovery for four recovery measurements, in µg/L (Section 8.2.4).

Ps, P = Percent recovery measured (Section 8.3.2, Section 8.4.2).

^a Criteria were calculated assuming a QC check sample concentration of 20 µg/L.

Table 3—Method Accuracy and Precision as Functions of Concentration—Method 602

Parameter	Accuracy, as recovery, X′ (µg/L)	Single analyst precision, s′ (µg/L)	Overall precision, S′ (µg/L)
Benzene	0.92C + 0.57	0.09X + 0.59	0.21X + 0.56
Chlorobenzene	0.95C + 0.02	0.09X + 0.23	0.17X + 0.10
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	0.93C + 0.52	0.17X −0.04	0.22X + 0.53
1,3-Dichlorobenzene	0.96C−0.05	0.15X −0.10	0.19X + 0.09
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	0.93C−0.09	0.15X + 0.28	0.20X + 0.41
Ethylbenzene	0.94C + 0.31	0.17X + 0.46	0.26X + 0.23
Toluene	0.94C + 0.65	0.09X + 0.48	0.18X + 0.71

X′ = Expected recovery for one or more measurements of a sample containing a concentration of C, in µg/L.

S′ = Expected single analyst standard deviation of measurements at an average concentration found of X
, in X µg/L.

S′ = Expected interlaboratory standard deviation of measurements at an average concentration found of X
, in µg/L.

C = True value for the Concentration, in µg/L.

X
= Average recovery found for measurements of samples containing a concentration of C, in µg/L.

Method 603—Acrolein and Acrylonitrile

1. Scope and Application

1.1 This method covers the determination of acrolein and acrylonitrile. The following parameters may be determined by this method:

Parameter	STORET No.	CAS No.
Acrolein	34210	107-02-8
Acrylonitrile	34215	107-13-1

1.2 This is a purge and trap gas chromatographic (GC) method applicable to the determination of the compounds listed above in municipal and industrial discharges as provided under 40 CFR 136.1. When this method is used to analyze unfamiliar samples for either or both of the compounds above, compound identifications should be supported by at least one additional qualitative technique. This method describes analytical conditions for a second gas chromatographic column that can be used to confirm measurements made with the primary column. Method 624 provides gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) conditions appropriate for the qualitative and quantitative confirmation of results for the parameters listed above, if used with the purge and trap conditions described in this method.

2. Summary of Method

2.1 An inert gas is bubbled through a 5-mL water sample contained in a heated purging chamber. Acrolein and acrylonitrile are transferred from the aqueous phase to the vapor phase. The vapor is swept through a sorbent trap where the analytes are trapped. After the purge is completed, the trap is heated and backflushed with the inert gas to desorb the compound onto a gas chromatographic column. The gas chromatograph is temperature programmed to separate the analytes which are then detected with a flame ionization detector.
2 3

2.2 The method provides an optional gas chromatographic column that may be helpful in resolving the compounds of interest from the interferences that may occur.

3. Interferences

3.1 Impurities in the purge gas and organic compound outgassing from the plumbing of the trap account for the majority of contamination problems. The analytical system must be demonstrated to be free from contamination under the conditions of the analysis by running laboratory reagent blanks as described in Section 8.1.3. The use of non-Teflon plastic tubing, non-Teflon thread sealants, or flow controllers with rubber components in the purge and trap system should be avoided.

3.3 Contamination by carry-over can occur whenever high level and low level samples are sequentially analyzed. To reduce carry-over, the purging device and sample syringe must be rinsed between samples with reagent water. Whenever an unusually concentrated sample is encountered, it should be followed by an analysis of reagent water to check for cross contamination. For samples containing large amounts of water-soluble materials, suspended solids, high boiling compounds or high analyte levels, it may be necessary to wash the purging device with a detergent solution, rinse it with distilled water, and then dry it in an oven at 105 °C between analyses. The trap and other parts of the system are also subject to contamination, therefore, frequent bakeout and purging of the entire system may be required.

4. Safety

4.1 The toxicity or carcinogenicity of each reagent used in this method has not been precisely defined; however, each chemical compound should be treated as a potential health hazard. From this view point, exposure to these chemicals must be reduced to the lowest possible level by whatever means available. The laboratory is responsible for maintaining a current awareness file of OSHA regulations regarding the safe handling of the chemicals specified in this method. A reference file of material data handling sheets should also be made available to all personnel involved in the chemical analysis. Additional references to laboratory safety are available and have been identified
4 6 for the information of the analyst.

5. Apparatus and Materials

5.1 Sampling equipment, for discrete sampling.

5.1.2 Septum—Teflon-faced silicone (Pierce #12722 or equivalent). Detergent wash, rinse with tap and distilled water and dry at 105 °C for 1 h before use.

5.2 Purge and trap system—The purge and trap system consists of three separate pieces of equipment: a purging device, trap, and desorber. Several complete systems are now commercially available.

5.2.1 The purging device must be designed to accept 5-mL, samples with a water column at least 3 cm deep. The gaseous head space between the water column and the trap must have a total volume of less than 15 mL. The purge gas must pass through the water column as finely divided bubbles with a diameter of less than 3 mm at the origin. The purge gas must be introduced no more than 5 mm from the base of the water column. The purging device must be capable of being heated to 85 °C within 3.0 min after transfer of the sample to the purging device and being held at 85 ±2 °C during the purge cycle. The entire water column in the purging device must be heated. Design of this modification to the standard purging device is optional, however, use of a water bath is suggested.

5.2.1.1 Heating mantle—To be used to heat water bath.

5.2.1.2 Temperature controller—Equipped with thermocouple/sensor to accurately control water bath temperature to ±2 °C. The purging device illustrated in Figure 1 meets these design criteria.

5.2.2 The trap must be at least 25 cm long and have an inside diameter of at least 0.105 in. The trap must be packed to contain 1.0 cm of methyl silicone coated packing (Section 6.5.2) and 23 cm of 2,6-diphenylene oxide polymer (Section 6.5.1). The minimum specifications for the trap are illustrated in Figure 2.

5.2.3 The desorber must be capable of rapidly heating the trap to 180 °C, The desorber illustrated in Figure 2 meets these design criteria.

5.2.4 The purge and trap system may be assembled as a separate unit as illustrated in Figure 3 or be coupled to a gas chromatograph.

5.3 pH paper—Narrow pH range, about 3.5 to 5.5 (Fisher Scientific Short Range Alkacid No. 2, #14-837-2 or equivalent).

5.4 Gas chromatograph—An analytical system complete with a temperature programmable gas chromatograph suitable for on-column injection and all required accessories including syringes, analytical columns, gases, detector, and strip-chart recorder. A data system is recommended for measuring peak areas.

5.4.1 Column 1—10 ft long × 2 mm ID glass or stainless steel, packed with Porapak-QS (80/100 mesh) or equivalent. This column was used to develop the method performance statements in Section 12. Guidelines for the use of alternate column packings are provided in Section 10.1.

5.4.2 Column 2—6 ft long × 0.1 in. ID glass or stainless steel, packed with Chromosorb 101 (60/80 mesh) or equivalent.

5.4.3 Detector—Flame ionization detector. This type of detector has proven effective in the analysis of wastewaters for the parameters listed in the scope (Section 1.1), and was used to develop the method performance statements in Section 12. Guidelines for the use of alternate detectors are provided in Section 10.1.

5.5 Syringes—5-mL, glass hypodermic with Luerlok tip (two each).

5.6 Micro syringes—25-µL, 0.006 in. ID needle.

5.7 Syringe valve—2-way, with Luer ends (three each).

5.8 Bottle—15-mL, screw-cap, with Teflon cap liner.

5.9 Balance—Analytical, capable of accurately weighing 0.0001 g.

6. Reagents

6.1 Reagent water—Reagent water is defined as a water in which an interferent is not observed at the MDL of the parameters of interest.

6.1.1 Reagent water can be generated by passing tap water through a carbon filter bed containing about 1 lb of activated carbon (Filtrasorb-300, Calgon Corp., or equivalent).

6.1.2 A water purification system (Millipore Super-Q or equivalent) may be used to generate reagent water.

6.1.3 Regent water may also be prepared by boiling water for 15 min. Subsequently, while maintaining the temperature at 90 °C, bubble a contaminant-free inert gas through the water for 1 h. While still hot, transfer the water to a narrow mouth screw-cap bottle and seal with a Teflon-lined septum and cap.

6.2 Sodium thiosulfate—(ACS) Granular.

6.3 Sodium hydroxide solution (10 N)—Dissolve 40 g of NaOH (ACS) in reagent water and dilute to 100 mL.

6.4 Hydrochloric acid (1 + 1)—Slowly, add 50 mL of concentrated HCl (ACS) to 50 mL of reagent water.

6.5 Trap Materials:

6.5.1 2,6-Diphenylene oxide polymer—Tenax (60/80 mesh), chromatographic grade or equivalent.

6.5.2 Methyl silicone packing—3% OV-1 on Chromosorb-W (60/80 mesh) or equivalent.

6.6 Stock standard solutions—Stock standard solutions may be prepared from pure standard materials or purchased as certified solutions. Prepare stock standard solutions in reagent water using assayed liquids. Since acrolein and acrylonitrile are lachrymators, primary dilutions of these compounds should be prepared in a hood. A NIOSH/MESA approved toxic gas respirator should be used when the analyst handles high concentrations of such materials.

6.6.1 Place about 9.8 mL of reagent water into a 10-mL ground glass stoppered volumetric flask. For acrolein standards the reagent water must be adjusted to pH 4 to 5. Weight the flask to the nearest 0.1 mg.

6.6.2 Using a 100-µL syringe, immediately add two or more drops of assayed reference material to the flask, then reweigh. Be sure that the drops fall directly into the water without contacting the neck of the flask.

6.6.3 Reweigh, dilute to volume, stopper, then mix by inverting the flask several times. Calculate the concentration in µg/µL from the net gain in weight. When compound purity is assayed to be 96% or greater, the weight can be used without correction to calculate the concentration of the stock staldard. Optionally, stock standard solutions may be prepared using the pure standard material by volumetrically measuring the appropriate amounts and determining the weight of the material using the density of the material. Commercially prepared stock standards may be used at any concentration if they are certified by the manufactaurer or by an independent source.

6.6.4 Transfer the stock standard solution into a Teflon-sealed screw-cap bottle. Store at 4 °C and protect from light.

6.6.5 Prepare fresh standards daily.

6.7 Secondary dilution standards—Using stock standard solutions, prepare secondary dilution standards in reagent water that contain the compounds of interest, either singly or mixed together. The secondary dilution standards should be prepared at concentrations such that the aqueous calibration standards prepared in Section 7.3.1 or 7.4.1 will bracket the working range of the analytical system. Secondary dilution standards should be prepared daily and stored at 4 °C.

6.8 Quality control check sample concentrate—See Section 8.2.1.

7. Calibration

7.3 External standard calibration procedure:

7.3.1 Prepare calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter by carefully adding 20.0 µL of one or more secondary dilution standards to 100, 500, or 1000 mL of reagent water. A 25-µL syringe with a 0.006 in. ID needle should be used for this operation. One of the external standards should be at a concentration near, but above, the MDL and the other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples or should define the working range of the detector. These standards must be prepared fresh daily.

7.3.2 Analyze each calibration standard according to Section 10, and tabulate peak height or area responses versus the concentration of the standard. The results can be used to prepare a calibration curve for each compound. Alternatively, if the ratio of response to concentration (calibration factor) is a constant over the working range (

7.4.1 Prepare calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter of interest as described in Section 7.3.1.

7.4.2 Prepare a spiking solution containing each of the internal standards using the procedures described in Sections 6.6 and 6.7. It is recommended that the secondary dilution standard be prepared at a concentration of 15 µg/mL of each internal standard compound. The addition of 10 µL of this standard to 5.0 mL of sample or calibration standard would be equivalent to 30 µg/L.

RF = (As)(Cis (Ais)(Cs)

Equation 1

where:

As = Response for the parameter to be measured.

Ais = Response for the internal standard.

Cis = Concentration of the internal standard.

Cs = Concentration of the parameter to be measured.

If the RF value over the working range is a constant (s/Ais, vs. RF.

7.5 The working calibration curve, calibration factor, or RF must be verified on each working day by the measurement of a QC check sample.

7.5.1 Prepare the QC check sample as described in Section 8.2.2.

7.5.2 Analyze the QC check sample according to Section 10.

8. Quality Control

8.1.1 The analyst must make an initial, one-time, demonstration of the ability to generate acceptable accuracy and precision with this method. This ability is established as described in Section 8.2.

8.1.3 Each day, the analyst must analyze a reagent water blank to demonstrate that interferences from the analytical system are under control.

8.1.4 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, spike and analyze a minimum of 10% of all samples to monitor and evaluate laboratory data quality. This procedure is described in Section 8.3.

8.1.6 The laboratory must maintain performance records to document the quality of data that is generated. This procedure is described in Section 8.5.

8.2 To establish the ability to generate acceptable accuracy and precision, the analyst must perform the following operations.

8.2.1 A quality control (QC) check sample concentrate is required containing each parameter of interest at a concentration of 25 µg/mL in reagent water. The QC check sample concentrate must be obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio, if available. If not available from that source, the QC check sample concentrate must be obtained from another external source. If not available from either source above, the QC check sample concentrate must be prepared by the laboratory using stock standards prepared independently from those used for calibration.

8.2.2 Prepare a QC check sample to contain 50 µg/L of each parameter by adding 200 µL of QC check sample concentrate to 100 mL of reagent water.

8.2.3 Analyze four 5-mL aliquots of the well-mixed QC check sample according to Section 10.

8.2.4 Calculate the average recovery (X
) in µg/L, and the standard deviation of the recovery (s) in µg/L, for each parameter using the four results.

8.2.5 For each parameter compare s and X
with the corresponding acceptance criteria for precision and accuracy, respectively, found in Table 3. If s and X
for all parameters of interest meet the acceptance criteria, the system performance is acceptable and analysis of actual samples can begin. If either s exceeds the precision limit or X
falls outside the range for accuracy, the system performance is unacceptable for that parameter. Locate and correct the source of the problem and repeat the test for each compound of interest.

8.3.1 The concentration of the spike in the sample should be determined as follows:

8.3.1.2 If the concentration of a specific parameter in the sample is not being checked against a limit specific to that parameter, the spike should be at 50 µg/L or 1 to 5 times higher than the background concentration determined in Section 8.3.2, whichever concentration would be larger.

8.4 If any parameter fails the acceptance criteria for recovery in Section 8.3, a QC check standard containing each parameter that failed must be prepared and analyzed.

Note:

8.4.3 Compare the percent recovery (Ps) for each parameter with the corresponding QC acceptance criteria found in Table 3. Only parameters that failed the test in Section 8.3 need to be compared with these criteria. If the recovery of any such parameter falls outside the designated range, the laboratory performance for that parameter is judged to be out of control, and the problem must be immediately identified and corrected. The analytical result for that parameter in the unspiked sample is suspect and may not be reported for regulatory compliance purposes.

8.5 As part of the QC program for the laboratory, method accuracy for wastewater samples must be assessed and records must be maintained. After the analysis of five spiked wastewater samples as in Section 8.3, calculate the average percent recovery (P
) and the standard deviation of the percent recovery (sp). Express the accuracy assessment as a percent recovery interval from P
−2sp to P
+ 2sp. If P
= 90% and sp = 10%, for example, the accuracy interval is expressed as 70-110%. Update the accuracy assessment for each parameter on a regular basis (e.g. after each five to ten new accuracy measurements).

8.6 It is recommended that the laboratory adopt additional quality assurance practices for use with this method. The specific practices that are most productive depend upon the needs of the laboratory and the nature of the samples. Field duplicates may be analyzed to assess the precision of the environmental measurements. When doubt exists over the identification of a peak on the chromatogram, confirmatory techniques such as gas chromatography with a dissimilar column or mass spectrometer must be used. Whenever possible, the laboratory should analyze standard reference materials and participate in relevant performance evaluation studies.

9. Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling

9.2 If acrolein is to be analyzed, collect about 500 mL of sample in a clean glass container. Adjust the pH of the sample to 4 to 5 using acid or base, measuring with narrow range pH paper. Samples for acrolein analysis receiving no pH adjustment must be analyzed within 3 days of sampling.

9.3 Grab samples must be collected in glass containers having a total volume of at least 25 mL. Fill the sample bottle just to overflowing in such a manner that no air bubbles pass through the sample as the bottle is being filled. Seal the bottle so that no air bubbles are entrapped in it. If preservative has been added, shake vigorously for 1 min. Maintain the hermetic seal on the sample bottle until time of analysis.

9.4 All samples must be analyzed within 14 days of collection.
3

10. Procedure

10.2 Calibrate the system daily as described in Section 7.

10.3 Adjust the purge gas (nitrogen or helium) flow rate to 20 mL-min. Attach the trap inlet to the purging device, and set the purge and trap system to purge (Figure 3). Open the syringe valve located on the purging device sample introduction needle.

10.4 Remove the plunger from a 5-mL syringe and attach a closed syringe valve. Open the sample bottle (or standard) and carefully pour the sample into the syringe barrel to just short of overflowing. Replace the syringe plunger and compress the sample. Open the syringe valve and vent any residual air while adjusting the sample volume to 5.0 mL. Since this process of taking an aliquot destroys the validity of the sample for future analysis, the analyst should fill a second syringe at this time to protect against possible loss of data. Add 10.0 µL of the internal standard spiking solution (Section 7.4.2), if applicable, through the valve bore then close the valve.

10.5 Attach the syringe-syringe valve assembly to the syringe valve on the purging device. Open the syringe valves and inject the sample into the purging chamber.

10.6 Close both valves and purge the sample for 15.0 ±0.1 min while heating at 85 ±2 °C.

10.7 After the 15-min purge time, attach the trap to the chromatograph, adjust the purge and trap system to the desorb mode (Figure 4), and begin to temperature program the gas chromatograph. Introduce the trapped materials to the GC column by rapidly heating the trap to 180 °C while backflushing the trap with an inert gas between 20 and 60 mL/min for 1.5 min.

10.8 While the trap is being desorbed into the gas chromatograph, empty the purging chamber using the sample introduction syringe. Wash the chamber with two 5-mL flushes of reagent water.

10.9 After desorbing the sample for 1.5 min, recondition the trap by returning the purge and trap system to the purge mode. Wait 15 s then close the syringe valve on the purging device to begin gas flow through the trap. The trap temperature should be maintained at 210 °C. After approximately 7 min, turn off the trap heater and open the syringe valve to stop the gas flow through the trap. When the trap is cool, the next sample can be analyzed.

11. Calculations

11.1 Determine the concentration of individual compounds in the sample.

11.1.2 If the internal standard calibration procedure is used, calculate the concentration in the sample using the response factor (RF) determined in Section 7.4.3 and Equation 2.

Equation 2

where:

As = Response for the parameter to be measured.

Ais = Response for the internal standard.

Cis = Concentration of the internal standard.

11.2 Report results in µg/L without correction for recovery data. All QC data obtained should be reported with the sample results.

12. Method Performance

12.1 The method detection limit (MDL) is defined as the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the value is above zero.
1 The MDL concentrations listed in Table 1 were obtained using reagent water.
9 The MDL actually achieved in a given analysis will vary depending on instrument sensitivity and matrix effects.

12.2 This method is recommended for the concentration range from the MDL to 1,000 × MDL. Direct aqueous injection techniques should be used to measure concentration levels above 1,000 × MDL.

12.3 In a single laboratory (Battelle-Columbus), the average recoveries and standard deviations presented in Table 2 were obtained.
9 Seven replicate samples were analyzed at each spike level.

References

1. 40 CFR part 136, appendix B.

2. Bellar, T.A., and Lichtenberg, J.J. “Determining Volatile Organics at Microgram-per-Litre-Levels by Gas Chromatography,” Journal American Water Works Association, 66, 739 (1974).

3. “Evaluate Test Procedures for Acrolein and Acrylonitrile,” Special letter report for EPA Project 4719-A, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, 27 June 1979.

5. “OSHA Safety and Health Standards, General Industry,” (29 CFR part 1910), Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA 2206 (Revised, January 1976).

6. “Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories,” American Chemical Society Publication, Committee on Chemical Safety, 3rd Edition, 1979.

7. Provost, L.P., and Elder, R.S. “Interpretation of Percent Recovery Data,” American Laboratory, 15, 58-63 (1983).

8. “Methods 330.4 (Titrimetric, DPD-FAS) and 330.5 (Spectrophotometric, DPD) for Chlorine, Total Residual,” Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA-600/4-79-020, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, March 1979.

9. “Evaluation of Method 603 (Modified),” EPA-600/4-84-ABC, National Technical Information Service, PB84-, Springfield, Virginia 22161, Nov. 1984.

Table 1—Chromatographic Conditions and Method Detection Limits

Parameter	Retention time (min)		Method detection limit (µg/L)
Parameter	Column 1	Column 2	Method detection limit (µg/L)
Acrolein	10.6	8.2	0.7
Acrylonitrile	12.7	9.8	0.5

Column 1 conditions: Porapak-QS (80/100 mesh) packed in a 10 ft × 2 mm ID glass or stainless steel column with helium carrier gas at 30 mL/min flow rate. Column temperature held isothermal at 110 °C for 1.5 min (during desorption), then heated as rapidly as possible to 150 °C and held for 20 min; column bakeout at 190 °C for 10 min.
⁹

Column 2 conditions: Chromosorb 101 (60/80 mesh) packed in a 6 ft. × 0.1 in. ID glass or stainless steel column with helium carrier gas at 40 mL/min flow rate. Column temperature held isothermal at 80 °C for 4 min, then programmed at 50 °C/min to 120 °C and held for 12 min.

Table 2—Single Laboratory Accuracy and Precision—Method 603

Parameter	Sample matrix	Spike conc. (µg/L)	Average recovery (µg/L)	Standard deviation (µg/L)	Average percent recovery
Acrolein	RW	5.0	5.2	0.2	104
	RW	50.0	51.4	0.7	103
	POTW	5.0	4.0	0.2	80
	POTW	50.0	44.4	0.8	89
	IW	5.0	0.1	0.1	2
	IW	100.0	9.3	1.1	9
Acrylonitrile	RW	5.0	4.2	0.2	84
	RW	50.0	51.4	1.5	103
	POTW	20.0	20.1	0.8	100
	POTW	100.0	101.3	1.5	101
	IW	10.0	9.1	0.8	91
	IW	100.0	104.0	3.2	104

RW = Reagent water.

POTW = Prechlorination secondary effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant.

IW = Industrial wastewater containing an unidentified acrolein reactant.

Table 3—Calibration and QC Acceptance Criteria—Method 603
^a

Parameter	Range for Q (µg/L)	Limit for S (µg/L)	Range for X (µg/L)	Range for P, Ps (%)
Acrolein	45.9-54.1	4.6	42.9-60.1	88-118
Acrylonitrile	41.2-58.8	9.9	33.1-69.9	71-135

^a = Criteria were calculated assuming a QC check sample concentration of 50 µg/L.
⁹

Q = Concentration measured in QC check sample, in µg/L (Section 7.5.3).

s = Standard deviation of four recovery measurements, in µg/L (Section 8.2.4).

X = Average recovery for four recovery measurements, in µg/L (Section 8.2.4).

P, Ps = Percent recovery measured (Section 8.3.2, Section 8.4.2).

Method 604—Phenols

1. Scope and Application

1.1 This method covers the determination of phenol and certain substituted phenols. The following parameters may be determined by this method:

Parameter	STORET No.	CAS No.
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol	34452	59-50-7
2–Chlorophenol	34586	95-57-8
2,4-Dichlorophenol	34601	120-83-2
2,4-Dimethylphenol	34606	105-67-9
2,4-Dinitrophenol	34616	51-28-5
2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol	34657	534-52-1
2-Nitrophenol	34591	88-75-5
4-Nitrophenol	34646	100-02-7
Pentachlorophenol	39032	87-86-5
Phenol	34694	108-95-2
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol	34621	88-06-2

1.2 This is a flame ionization detector gas chromatographic (FIDGC) method applicable to the determination of the compounds listed above in municipal and industrial discharges as provided under 40 CFR 136.1. When this method is used to analyze unfamiliar samples for any or all of the compounds above, compound identifications should be supported by at least one additional qualitative technique. This method describes analytical conditions for derivatization, cleanup, and electron capture detector gas chromatography (ECDGC) that can be used to confirm measurements made by FIDGC. Method 625 provides gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) conditions appropriate for the qualitative and quantitative confirmation of results for all of the parameters listed above, using the extract produced by this method.

1.3 The method detection limit (MDL, defined in Section 14.1)
1 for each parameter is listed in Table 1. The MDL for a specific wastewater may differ from those listed, depending upon the nature of interferences in the sample matrix. The MDL listed in Table 1 for each parameter was achieved with a flame ionization detector (FID). The MDLs that were achieved when the derivatization cleanup and electron capture detector (ECD) were employed are presented in Table 2.

1.5 This method is restricted to use by or under the supervision of analysts experienced in the use of a gas chromatograph and in the interpretation of gas chromatograms. Each analyst must demonstrate the ability to generate acceptable results with this method using the procedure described in Section 8.2.

2. Summary of Method

2.1 A measured volume of sample, approximately 1-L, is acidified and extracted with methylene chloride using a separatory funnel. The methylene chloride extract is dried and exchanged to 2-propanol during concentration to a volume of 10 mL or less. The extract is separated by gas chromatography and the phenols are then measured with an FID.
2

2.2 A preliminary sample wash under basic conditions can be employed for samples having high general organic and organic base interferences.

2.3 The method also provides for a derivatization and column chromatography cleanup procedure to aid in the elimination of interferences.
2 3 The derivatives are analyzed by ECDGC.

3. Interferences

3.1 Method interferences may be caused by contaminants in solvents, reagents, glassware, and other sample processing hardware that lead to discrete artifacts and/or elevated baselines in gas chromatograms. All of these materials must be routinely demonstrated to be free from interferences under the conditions of the analysis by running laboratory reagent blanks as described in Section 8.1.3.

3.1.1 Glassware must be scrupulously cleaned.
4 Clean all glassware as soon as possible after use by rinsing with the last solvent used in it. Solvent rinsing should be followed by detergent washing with hot water, and rinses with tap water and distilled water. The glassware should then be drained dry, and heated in a muffle furnace at 400 °C for 15 to 30 min. Some thermally stable materials, such as PCBs, may not be eliminated by this treatment. Solvent rinses with acetone and pesticide quality hexane may be substituted for the muffle furnace heating. Thorough rinsing with such solvents usually eliminates PCB interference. Volumetric ware should not be heated in a muffle furnace. After drying and cooling, glassware should be sealed and stored in a clean environment to prevent any accumulation of dust or other contaminants. Store inverted or capped with aluminum foil.

3.1.2 The use of high purity reagents and solvents helps to minimize interference problems. Purification of solvents by distillation in all-glass systems may be required.

3.2 Matrix interferences may be caused by contaminants that are coextracted from the sample. The extent of matrix interferences will vary considerably from source to source, depending upon the nature and diversity of the industrial complex or municipality being sampled. The derivatization cleanup procedure in Section 12 can be used to overcome many of these interferences, but unique samples may require additional cleanup approaches to achieve the MDL listed in Tables 1 and 2.

3.3 The basic sample wash (Section 10.2) may cause significantly reduced recovery of phenol and 2,4-dimethylphenol. The analyst must recognize that results obtained under these conditions are minimum concentrations.

4. Safety

4.1 The toxicity or carcinogenicity of each reagent used in this mothod has not been precisely defined; however, each chemical compound should be treated as a potential health hazard. From this viewpoint, exposure to these chemicals must be reduced to the lowest possible level by whatever means available. The laboratory is responsible for maintaining a current awareness file of OSHA regulations regarding the safe handling of the chemicals specified in this method. A reference file of material data handling sheets should also be made available to all personnel involved in the chemical analysis. Additional references to laboratory safety are available and have been identified
5 7 for the information of analyst.

4.2 Special care should be taken in handling pentafluorobenzyl bromide, which is a lachrymator, and 18-crown-6-ether, which is highly toxic.

5. Apparatus and Materials

5.1 Sampling equipment, for discrete or composite sampling.

5.1.1 Grab sample bottle—1-L or 1-qt, amber glass, fitted with a screw cap lined with Teflon. Foil may be substituted for Teflon if the sample is not corrosive. If amber bottles are not available, protect samples from light. The bottle and cap liner must be washed, rinsed with acetone or methylene chloride, and dried before use to minimize contamination.

5.1.2 Automatic sampler (optional)—The sampler must incorporate glass sample containers for the collection of a minimum of 250 mL of sample. Sample containers must be kept refrigerated at 4 °C and protected from light during compositing. If the sampler uses a peristaltic pump, a minimum length of compressible silicone rubber tubing may be used. Before use, however, the compressible tubing should be thoroughly rinsed with methanol, followed by repeated rinsings with distilled water to minimize the potential for contamination of the sample. An integrating flow meter is required to collect flow proportional composites.

5.2 Glassware (All specifications are suggested. Catalog numbers are included for illustration only.):

5.2.1 Separatory funnel—2-L, with Teflon stopcock.

5.2.2 Drying column—Chromatographic column, 400 mm long × 19 mm ID, with coarse frit filter disc.

5.2.3 Chromatographic column—100 mm long × 10 mm ID, with Teflon stopcock.

5.2.4 Concentrator tube, Kuderna-Danish—10-mL, graduated (Kontes K-570050-1025 or equivalent). Calibration must be checked at the volumes employed in the test. Ground glass stopper is used to prevent evaporation of extracts.

5.2.5 Evaporative flask, Kuderna-Danish—500-mL (Kontes K-570001-0500 or equivalent). Attach to concentrator tube with springs.

5.2.6 Snyder column, Kuderna-Danish—Three-ball macro (Kontes K-503000-0121 or equivalent).

5.2.7 Snyder column, Kuderna-Danish—Two-ball micro (Kontes K-569001-0219 or equivalent).

5.2.8 Vials—10 to 15-mL, amber glass, with Teflon-lined screw cap.

5.2.9 Reaction flask—15 to 25-mL round bottom flask, with standard tapered joint, fitted with a water-cooled condenser and U-shaped drying tube containing granular calcium chloride.

5.3 Boiling chips—Approximately 10/40 mesh. Heat to 400 °C for 30 min or Soxhlet extract with methylene chloride.

5.4 Water bath—Heated, with concentric ring cover, capable of temperature control (±2 °C). The bath should be used in a hood.

5.5 Balance—Analytical, capable of accurately weighting 0.0001 g.

5.6 Gas chromatograph—An analytical system complete with a temperature programmable gas chromatograph suitable for on-column injection and all required accessories including syringes, analytical columns, gases, detector, and strip-chart recorder. A data system is recommended for measuring peak areas.

5.6.1 Column for underivatized phenols—1.8 m long × 2 mm ID glass, packed with 1% SP-1240DA on Supelcoport (80/100 mesh) or equivalent. This column was used to develop the method performance statements in Section 14. Guidelines for the use of alternate column packings are provided in Section 11.1.

5.6.2 Column for derivatized phenols—1.8 m long × 2 mm ID glass, packed with 5% OV-17 on Chromosorb W-AW-DMCS (80/100 mesh) or equivalent. This column has proven effective in the analysis of wastewaters for derivatization products of the parameters listed in the scope (Section 1.1), and was used to develop the method performance statements in Section 14. Guidelines for the use of alternate column packings are provided in Section 11.1.

5.6.3 Detectors—Flame ionization and electron capture detectors. The FID is used when determining the parent phenols. The ECD is used when determining the derivatized phenols. Guidelines for the use of alternatve detectors are provided in Section 11.1.

6. Reagents

6.1 Reagent water—Reagent water is defined as a water in which an interferent is not observed at the MDL of the parameters of interest.

6.2 Sodium hydroxide solution (10 N)—Dissolve 40 g of NaOH (ACS) in reagent water and dilute to 100 mL.

6.3 Sodium hydroxide solution (1 N)—Dissolve 4 g of NaOH (ACS) in reagent water and dilute to 100 mL.

6.4 Sodium sulfate—(ACS) Granular, anhydrous. Purify by heating at 400 °C for 4 h in a shallow tray.

6.5 Sodium thiosulfate—(ACS) Granular.

6.6 Sulfuric acid (1 + 1)—Slowly, add 50 mL of H2SO4 (ACS, sp. gr. 1.84) to 50 mL of reagent water.

6.7 Sulfuric acid (1 N)—Slowly, add 58 mL of H2SO4 (ACS, sp. gr. 1.84) to reagent water and dilute to 1 L.

6.8 Potassium carbonate—(ACS) Powdered.

6.9 Pentafluorobenzyl bromide (α-Bromopentafluorotoluene)—97% minimum purity.

Note:

This chemical is a lachrymator. (See Section 4.2.)

6.10 18-crown-6-ether (1,4,7,10,13,16-Hexaoxacyclooctadecane)—98% minimum purity.

Note:

This chemical is highly toxic.

6.11 Derivatization reagent—Add 1 mL of pentafluorobenzyl bromide and 1 g of 18-crown-6-ether to a 50-mL volumetric flask and dilute to volume with 2-propanol. Prepare fresh weekly. This operation should be carried out in a hood. Store at 4 °C and protect from light.

6.12 Acetone, hexane, methanol, methylene chloride, 2-propanol, toluene—Pesticide quality or equivalent.

6.13 Silica gel—100/200 mesh, Davison, grade-923 or equivalent. Activate at 130 °C overnight and store in a desiccator.

6.14 Stock standard solutions (1.00 µg/µL)—Stock standard solutions may be prepared from pure standard materials or purchased as certified solutions.

6.14.1 Prepare stock standard solutions by accurately weighing about 0.0100 g of pure material. Dissolve the material in 2-propanol and dilute to volume in a 10-mL volumetric flask. Larger volumes can be used at the convenience of the analyst. When compound purity is assayed to be 96% or greater, the weight can be used without correction to calculate the concentration of the stock standard. Commercially prepared stock standards can be used at any concentration if they are certified by the manufacturer or by an independent source.

6.14.2 Transfer the stock standard solutions into Teflon-sealed screw-cap bottles. Store at 4 °C and protect from light. Stock standard solutions should be checked frequently for signs of degradation or evaporation, especially just prior to preparing calibration standards from them.

6.14.3 Stock standard solutions must be replaced after six months, or sooner if comparison with check standards indicates a problem.

6.15 Quality control check sample concentrate—See Section 8.2.1.

7. Calibration

7.1 To calibrate the FIDGC for the analysis of underivatized phenols, establish gas chromatographic operating conditions equivalent to those given in Table 1. The gas chromatographic system can be calibrated using the external standard technique (Section 7.2) or the internal standard technique (Section 7.3).

7.2 External standard calibration procedure for FIDGC:

7.2.1 Prepare calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter of interest by adding volumes of one or more stock standards to a volumetric flask and diluting to volume with 2-propanol. One of the external standards should be at a concentration near, but above, the MDL (Table 1) and the other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples or should define the working range of the detector.

7.2.2 Using injections of 2 to 5 µl, analyze each calibration standard according to Section 11 and tabulate peak height or area responses against the mass injected. The results can be used to prepare a calibration curve for each compound. Alternatively, if the ratio of response to amount injected (calibration factor) is a constant over the working range (

7.3 Internal standard calibration procedure for FIDGC—To use this approach, the analyst must select one or more internal standards that are similar in analytical behavior to the compounds of interest. The analyst must further demonstrate that the measurement of the internal standard is not affected by method or matrix interferences. Because of these limitations, no internal standard can be suggested that is applicable to all samples.

7.3.1 Prepare calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter of interest by adding volumes of one or more stock standards to a volumetric flask. To each calibration standard, add a known constant amount of one or more internal standards, and dilute to volume with 2-propanol. One of the standards should be at a concentration near, but above, the MDL and the other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples or should define the working range of the detector.

7.3.2 Using injections of 2 to 5 µL, analyze each calibration standard according to Section 11 and tabulate peak height or area responses against concentration for each compound and internal standard. Calculate response factors (RF) for each compound using Equation 1.

RF = (As)(Cis (Ais)(Cs)

Equation 1

where:

As = Response for the parameter to be measured.

Ais = Response for the internal standard.

Cis = Concentration of the internal standard (µg/L).

Cs = Concentration of the parameter to be measured (µg/L).

If the RF value over the working range is a constant (s/Ais, vs. RF.

7.4 The working calibration curve, calibration factor, or RF must be verified on each working day by the measurement of one or more calibration standards. If the response for any parameter varies from the predicted response by more than ±15%, a new calibration curve must be prepared for that compound.

7.5 To calibrate the ECDGC for the analysis of phenol derivatives, establish gas chromatographic operating conditions equivalent to those given in Table 2.

7.5.1 Prepare calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter of interest by adding volumes of one or more stock standards to a volumetric flask and diluting to volume with 2-propanol. One of the external standards should be at a concentration near, but above, the MDL (Table 2) and the other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples or should define the working range of the detector.

7.5.2 Each time samples are to be derivatized, simultaneously treat a 1-mL aliquot of each calibration standard as described in Section 12.

7.5.3 After derivatization, analyze 2 to 5 µL of each column eluate collected according to the method beginning in Section 12.8 and tabulate peak height or area responses against the calculated equivalent mass of underivatized phenol injected. The results can be used to prepare a calibration curve for each compound.

7.6 Before using any cleanup procedure, the analyst must process a series of calibration standards through the procedure to validate elution patterns and the absence of interferences from the reagents.

8. Quality Control

8.1.1 The analyst must make an initial, one-time, demonstration of the ability to generate acceptable accuracy and precision with this method. This ability is established as described in Section 8.2.

8.1.2 In recognition of advances that are occurring in chromatography, the analyst is permitted certain options (detailed in Sections 10.6 and 11.1) to improve the separations or lower the cost of measurements. Each time such a modification is made to the method, the analyst is required to repeat the procedure in Section 8.2.

8.1.3 Before processing any samples the analyst must analyze a reagent water blank to demonstrate that interferences from the analytical system and glassware are under control. Each time a set of samples is extracted or reagents are changed a reagent water blank must be processed as a safeguard against laboratory contamination.

8.1.4 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, spike and analyze a minimum of 10% of all samples to monitor and evaluate laboratory data quality. This procedure is described in Section 8.3.

8.1.6 The laboratory must maintain performance records to document the quality of data that is generated. This procedure is described in Section 8.5.

8.2 To establish the ability to generate acceptable accuracy and precision, the analyst must perform the following operations.

8.2.1 A quality control (QC) check sample concentrate is required containing each parameter of interest at a concentration of 100 µg/mL in 2-propanol. The QC check sample concentrate must be obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio, if available. If not available from that source, the QC check sample concentrate must be obtained from another external source. If not available from either source above, the QC check sample concentrate must be prepared by the laboratory using stock standards prepared independently from those used for calibration.

8.2.2 Using a pipet, prepare QC check samples at a concentration of 100 µg/L by adding 1.00 mL of QC check sample concentrate to each of four 1-L aliquots of reagent water.

8.2.3 Analyze the well-mixed QC check samples according to the method beginning in Section 10.

8.2.4 Calculate the average recovery (X
) in µg/L, and the standard deviation of the recovery (s) in µg/L, for each parameter using the four results.

8.2.5 For each parameter compare s and X
with the corresponding acceptance criteria for precision and accuracy, respectively, found in Table 3. If s and X
for all parameters of interest meet the acceptance criteria, the system performance is acceptable and analysis of actual samples can begin. If any individual s exceeds the precision limit or any individual X
falls outside the range for accuracy, the system performance is unacceptable for that parameter.

Note:

The large number of parameters in Talbe 3 present a substantial probability that one or more will fail at least one of the acceptance criteria when all parameters are analyzed.

8.2.6 When one or more of the parameters tested fail at least one of the acceptance criteria, the analyst must proceed according to Section 8.2.6.1 or 8.2.6.2.

8.2.6.1 Locate and correct the source of the problem and repeat the test for all parameters of interest beginning with Section 8.2.2.

8.2.6.2 Beginning with Section 8.2.2, repeat the test only for those parameters that failed to meet criteria. Repeated failure, however, will confirm a general problem with the measurement system. If this occurs, locate and correct the source of the problem and repeat the test for all compounds of interest beginning with Section 8.2.2.

8.3.1 The concentration of the spike in the sample should be determined as follows:

8.3.1.2 If the concentration of a specific parameter in the sample is not being checked against a limit specific to that parameter, the spike should be at 100 µg/L or 1 to 5 times higher than the background concentration determined in Section 8.3.2, whichever concentration would be larger.

8.3.1.3 If it is impractical to determine background levels before spiking (e.g., maximum holding times will be exceeded), the spike concentration should be (1) the regulatory concentration limit, if any, or, if none, (2) the larger of either 5 times higher than the expected background concentration or 100 µg/L.

8.3.2 Analyze one sample aliquot to determine the background concentration (B) of each parameter. If necessary, prepare a new QC check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1) appropriate for the background concentrations in the sample. Spike a second sample aliquot with 1.0 mL of the QC check sample concentrate and analyze it to determine the concentration after spiking (A) of each parameter. Calculate each percent recovery (P) as 100(A−B)%/T, where T is the known true value of the spike.

8.3.3 Compare the percent recovery (P) for each parameter with the corresponding QC acceptance criteria found in Table 3. These acceptance criteria were calculated to include an allowance for error in measurement of both the background and spike concentrations, assuming a spike to background ratio of 5:1. This error will be accounted for to the extent that the analyst’s spike to background ratio approaches 5:1.
8 If spiking was performed at a concentration lower than 100 µg/L, the analyst must use either the QC acceptance criteria in Table 3, or optional QC acceptance criteria calculated for the specific spike concentration. To calculate optional acceptance criteria for the recovery of a parameter: (1) Calculate accuracy (X′) using the equation in Table 4, substituting the spike concentration (T) for C; (2) calculate overall precision (S′) using the equation in Table 4, substituting X′ for X
; (3) calculate the range for recovery at the spike concentration as (100 X′/T)±2.44(100 S′/T)%.
8

8.4 If any parameter fails the acceptance criteria for recovery in Section 8.3, a QC check standard containing each parameter that failed must be prepared and analyzed.

Note:

8.4.1 Prepare the QC check standard by adding 1.0 mL of QC check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1 or 8.3.2) to 1 L of reagent water. The QC check standard needs only to contain the parameters that failed criteria in the test in Section 8.3.

8.5 As part of the QC program for the laboratory, method accuracy for wastewater samples must be assessed and records must be maintained. After the analysis of five spiked wastewater samples as in Section 8.3, calculate the average percent recovery (P
) and the standard deviation of the percent recovery (sp). Express the accuracy assessment as a percent recovery interval from P
−2sp to P
+ 2sp. If P
= 90% and sp = 10%, for example, the accuracy interval is expressed as 70-110%. Update the accuracy assessment for each parameter on a regular basis (e.g. after each five to ten new accuracy measurements).

8.6. It is recommended that the laboratory adopt additional quality assurance practices for use with this method. The specific practices that are most productive depend upon the needs of the laboratory and the nature of the samples. Field duplicates may be analyzed to assess the precision of the environmental measurements. When doubt exists over the identification of a peak on the chromatogram, confirmatory techniques such as gas chromatography with a dissimilar column, specific element detector, or mass spectrometer must be used. Whenever possible, the laboratory should analyze standard reference materials and participate in relevant performance evaluation studies.

9. Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling

9.1 Grab samples must be collected in glass containers. Conventional sampling practices
9 should be followed, except that the bottle must not be prerinsed with sample before collection. Composite samples should be collected in refrigerated glass containers in accordance with the requirements of the program. Automatic sampling equipment must be as free as possible of Tygon tubing and other potential sources of contamination.

9.2 All samples must be iced or refrigerated at 4 °C from the time of collection until extraction. Fill the sample bottles and, if residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg of sodium thiosulfate per liter of sample and mix well. EPA Methods 330.4 and 330.5 may be used for measurement of residual chlorine.
10 Field test kits are available for this purpose.

9.3 All samples must be extracted within 7 days of collection and completely analyzed within 40 days of extraction.
2

10. Sample Extraction

10.1 Mark the water meniscus on the side of sample bottle for later determination of sample volume. Pour the entire sample into a 2-L separatory funnel.

10.2 For samples high in organic content, the analyst may solvent wash the sample at basic pH as prescribed in Sections 10.2.1 and 10.2.2 to remove potential method interferences. Prolonged or exhaustive contact with solvent during the wash may result in low recovery of some of the phenols, notably phenol and 2,4-dimethylphenol. For relatively clean samples, the wash should be omitted and the extraction, beginning with Section 10.3, should be followed.

10.2.1 Adjust the pH of the sample to 12.0 or greater with sodium hydroxide solution.

10.2.2 Add 60 mL of methylene chloride to the sample by shaking the funnel for 1 min with periodic venting to release excess pressure. Discard the solvent layer. The wash can be repeated up to two additional times if significant color is being removed.

10.3 Adjust the sample to a pH of 1 to 2 with sulfuric acid.

10.4 Add 60 mL of methylene chloride to the sample bottle, seal, and shake 30 s to rinse the inner surface. Transfer the solvent to the separatory funnel and extract the sample by shaking the funnel for 2 min. with periodic venting to release excess pressure. Allow the organic layer to separate from the water phase for a minimum of 10 min. If the emulsion interface between layers is more than one-third the volume of the solvent layer, the analyst must employ mechanical techniques to complete the phase separation. The optimum technique depends upon the sample, but may include stirring, filtration of the emulsion through glass wool, centrifugation, or other physical methods. Collect the methylene chloride extract in a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask.

10.5 Add a second 60-mL volume of methylene chloride to the sample bottle and repeat the extraction procedure a second time, combining the extracts in the Erlenmeyer flask. Perform a third extraction in the same manner.

10.6 Assemble a Kuderna-Danish (K-D) concentrator by attaching a 10-mL concentrator tube to a 500-mL evaporative flask. Other concentration devices or techniques may be used in place of the K-D concentrator if the requirements of Section 8.2 are met.

10.7 Pour the combined extract through a solvent-rinsed drying column containing about 10 cm of anhydrous sodium sulfate, and collect the extract in the K-D concentrator. Rinse the Erlenmeyer flask and column with 20 to 30 mL of methylene chloride to complete the quantitative transfer.

10.8 Add one or two clean boiling chips to the evaporative flask and attach a three-ball Snyder column. Prewet the Snyder column by adding about 1 mL of methylene chloride to the top. Place the K-D apparatus on a hot water bath (60 to 65 °C) so that the concentrator tube is partially immersed in the hot water, and the entire lower rounded surface of the flask is bathed with hot vapor. Adjust the vertical position of the apparatus and the water temperature as required to complete the concentration in 15 to 20 min. At the proper rate of distillation the balls of the column will actively chatter but the chambers will not flood with condensed solvent. When the apparent volume of liquid reaches 1 mL, remove the K-D apparatus and allow it to drain and cool for at least 10 min.

10.9 Increase the temperature of the hot water bath to 95 to 100 °C. Remove the Synder column and rinse the flask and its lower joint into the concentrator tube with 1 to 2 mL of 2-propanol. A 5-mL syringe is recommended for this operation. Attach a two-ball micro-Snyder column to the concentrator tube and prewet the column by adding about 0.5 mL of 2-propanol to the top. Place the micro-K-D apparatus on the water bath so that the concentrator tube is partially immersed in the hot water. Adjust the vertical position of the apparatus and the water temperature as required to complete concentration in 5 to 10 min. At the proper rate of distillation the balls of the column will actively chatter but the chambers will not flood. When the apparent volume of liquid reaches 2.5 mL, remove the K-D apparatus and allow it to drain and cool for at least 10 min. Add an additional 2 mL of 2-propanol through the top of the micro-Snyder column and resume concentrating as before. When the apparent volume of liquid reaches 0.5 mL, remove the K-D apparatus and allow it to drain and cool for at least 10 min.

10.10 Remove the micro-Snyder column and rinse its lower joint into the concentrator tube with a minimum amount of 2-propanol. Adjust the extract volume to 1.0 mL. Stopper the concentrator tube and store refrigerated at 4 °C if further processing will not be performed immediately. If the extract will be stored longer than two days, it should be transferred to a Teflon-sealed screw-cap vial. If the sample extract requires no further cleanup, proceed with FIDGC analysis (Section 11). If the sample requires further cleanup, proceed to Section 12.

10.11 Determine the original sample volume by refilling the sample bottle to the mark and transferring the liquid to a 1000-mL graduated cylinder. Record the sample volume to the nearest 5 mL.

11. Flame Ionization Detector Gas Chromatography

11.1 Table 1 summarizes the recommended operating conditions for the gas chromatograph. Included in this table are retention times and MDL that can be achieved under these conditions. An example of the separations achieved by this column is shown in Figure 1. Other packed or capillary (open-tubular) columns, chromatographic conditions, or detectors may be used if the requirements of Section 8.2 are met.

11.2 Calibrate the system daily as described in Section 7.

11.3 If the internal standard calibration procedure is used, the internal standard must be added to the sample extract and mixed thoroughly immediately before injection into the gas chromatograph.

11.4 Inject 2 to 5 µL of the sample extract or standard into the gas chromatograph using the solvent-flush technique.
11 Smaller (1.0 µL) volumes may be injected if automatic devices are employed. Record the volume injected to the nearest 0.05 µL, and the resulting peak size in area or peak height units.

11.5 Identify the parameters in the sample by comparing the retention times of the peaks in the sample chromatogram with those of the peaks in standard chromatograms. The width of the retention time window used to make identifications should be based upon measurements of actual retention time variations of standards over the course of a day. Three times the standard deviation of a retention time for a compound may be used to calculate a suggested window size; however, the experience of the analyst should weigh heavily in the interpretation of chromatograms.

11.6 If the response for a peak exceeds the working range of the system, dilute the extract and reanalyze.

11.7 If the measurement of the peak response is prevented by the presence of interferences, an alternative gas chromatographic procedure is required. Section 12 describes a derivatization and column chromatographic procedure which has been tested and found to be a practical means of analyzing phenols in complex extracts.

12. Derivatization and Electron Capture Detector Gas Chromatography

12.1 Pipet a 1.0-mL aliquot of the 2-propanol solution of standard or sample extract into a glass reaction vial. Add 1.0 mL of derivatizing reagent (Section 6.11). This amount of reagent is sufficient to derivatize a solution whose total phenolic content does not exceed 0.3 mg/mL.

12.2 Add about 3 mg of potassium carbonate to the solution and shake gently.

12.3 Cap the mixture and heat it for 4 h at 80 °C in a hot water bath.

12.4 Remove the solution from the hot water bath and allow it to cool.

12.5 Add 10 mL of hexane to the reaction flask and shake vigorously for 1 min. Add 3.0 mL of distilled, deionized water to the reaction flask and shake for 2 min. Decant a portion of the organic layer into a concentrator tube and cap with a glass stopper.

12.6 Place 4.0 g of silica gel into a chromatographic column. Tap the column to settle the silica gel and add about 2 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate to the top.

12.7 Preelute the column with 6 mL of hexane. Discard the eluate and just prior to exposure of the sodium sulfate layer to the air, pipet onto the column 2.0 mL of the hexane solution (Section 12.5) that contains the derivatized sample or standard. Elute the column with 10.0 mL of hexane and discard the eluate. Elute the column, in order, with: 10.0 mL of 15% toluene in hexane (Fraction 1); 10.0 mL of 40% toluene in hexane (Fraction 2); 10.0 mL of 75% toluene in hexane (Fraction 3); and 10.0 mL of 15% 2-propanol in toluene (Fraction 4). All elution mixtures are prepared on a volume: volume basis. Elution patterns for the phenolic derivatives are shown in Table 2. Fractions may be combined as desired, depending upon the specific phenols of interest or level of interferences.

12.8 Analyze the fractions by ECDGC. Table 2 summarizes the recommended operating conditions for the gas chromatograph. Included in this table are retention times and MDL that can be achieved under these conditions. An example of the separations achieved by this column is shown in Figure 2.

12.9 Calibrate the system daily with a minimum of three aliquots of calibration standards, containing each of the phenols of interest that are derivatized according to Section 7.5.

12.10 Inject 2 to 5 µL of the column fractions into the gas chromatograph using the solvent-flush technique. Smaller (1.0 µL) volumes can be injected if automatic devices are employed. Record the volume injected to the nearest 0.05 µL, and the resulting peak size in area or peak height units. If the peak response exceeds the linear range of the system, dilute the extract and reanalyze.

13. Calculations

13.1 Determine the concentration of individual compounds in the sample analyzed by FIDGC (without derivatization) as indicated below.

13.1.1 If the external standard calibration procedure is used, calculate the amount of material injected from the peak response using the calibration curve or calibration factor determined in Section 7.2.2. The concentration in the sample can be calculated from Equation 2.

Equation 2

where:

A = Amount of material injected (ng).

Vi = Volume of extract injected (µL).

Vt = Volume of total extract (µL).

Vs = Volume of water extracted (mL).

13.1.2 If the internal standard calibration procedure is used, calculate the concentration in the sample using the response factor (RF) determined in Section 7.3.2 and Equation 3.

Equation 3

where:

As = Response for the parameter to be measured.

Ais = Response for the internal standard.

Is = Amount of internal standard added to each extract (µg).

Vo = Volume of water extracted (L).

13.2 Determine the concentration of individual compounds in the sample analyzed by derivatization and ECDGC according to Equation 4.

Equation 4

where:

A = Mass of underivatized phenol represented by area of peak in sample chromatogram, determined from calibration curve in Section 7.5.3 (ng).

Vi = Volume of eluate injected (µL).

Vt = Total volume of column eluate or combined fractions from which Vi was taken (µL).

Vs = Volume of water extracted in Section 10.10 (mL).

B = Total volume of hexane added in Section 12.5 (mL).

C = Volume of hexane sample solution added to cleanup column in Section 12.7 (mL).

D = Total volume of 2-propanol extract prior to derivatization (mL).

E = Volume of 2-propanol extract carried through derivatization in Section 12.1 (mL).

13.3 Report results in µg/L without correction for recovery data. All QC data obtained should be reported with the sample results.

14. Method Performance

14.1 The method detection limit (MDL) is defined as the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the value is above zero.
1 The MDL concentrations listed in Tables 1 and 2 were obtained using reagent water.
12 Similar results were achieved using representative wastewaters. The MDL actually achieved in a given analysis will vary depending on instrument sensitivity and matrix effects.

14.2 This method was tested by 20 laboratories using reagent water, drinking water, surface water, and three industrial wastewaters spiked as six concentrations over the range 12 to 450 µg/L.
13 Single operator precision, overall precision, and method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the parameter and essentially independent of the sample matrix. Linear equations to describe these relationships for a flame ionization detector are presented in Table 4.

References

1. 40 CFR part 136, appendix B.

2. “Determination of Phenols in Industrial and Municipal Wastewaters,” EPA 600/4-84-ABC, National Technical Information Service, PBXYZ, Springfield, Virginia 22161, November 1984.

3. Kawahara, F. K. “Microdetermination of Derivatives of Phenols and Mercaptans by Means of Electron Capture Gas Chromatography,” Analytical Chemistry, 40, 1009 (1968).

4. ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Part 31, D3694-78. “Standard Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and for Preservation of Organic Constituents,” American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

5. “Carcinogens—Working With Carcinogens,” Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Publication No. 77-206, August 1977.

6. “OSHA Safety and Health Standards, General Industry,” (29 CFR part 1910), Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA 2206 (Revised, January 1976).

7. “Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories,” American Chemical Society Publication, Committee on Chemical Safety, 3rd Edition, 1979.

8. Provost, L. P., and Elder, R. S. “Interpretation of Percent Recovery Data,” American Laboratory, 15, 58-63 (1983). (The value 2.44 used in the equation in Section 8.3.3 is two times the value 1.22 derived in this report.)

9. ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Part 31, D3370-76. “Standard Practices for Sampling Water,” American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

10. “Methods 330.4 (Titrimetric, DPD-FAS) and 330.5 (Spectrophotometric, DPD) for Chlorine, Total Residual,” Methmds for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA-600/4-79-020, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, March 1979.

11. Burke, J. A. “Gas Chromatography for Pesticide Residue Analysis; Some Practical Aspects,” Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 48, 1037 (1965).

12. “Development of Detection Limits, EPA Method 604, Phenols,” Special letter report for EPA Contract 68-03-2625, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.

13. “EPA Method Study 14 Method 604-Phenols,” EPA 600/4-84-044, National Technical Information Service, PB84-196211, Springfield, Virginia 22161, May 1984.

Table 1—Chromatographic Conditions and Method Detection Limits

Parameter	Retention time (min)	Method detection limit (µg/L)
2-Chlorophenol	1.70	0.31
2-Nitrophenol	2.00	0.45
Phenol	3.01	0.14
2,4-Dimethylphenol	4.03	0.32
2,4-Dichlorophenol	4.30	0.39
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol	6.05	0.64
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol	7.50	0.36
2,4-Dinitrophenol	10.00	13.0
2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol	10.24	16.0
Pentachlorophenol	12.42	7.4
4-Nitrophenol	24.25	2.8

Column conditions: Supelcoport (80/100 mesh) coated with 1% SP-1240DA packed in a 1.8 m long × 2 mm ID glass column with nitrogen carrier gas at 30 mL/min flow rate. Column temperature was 80 °C at injection, programmed immediately at 8 °C/min to 150 °C final temperature. MDL were determined with an FID.

Table 2—Silica Gel Fractionation and Electron Capture Gas Chromatography of PFBB Derivatives

Parent compound	Percent recovery by fraction ^a				Retention time (min)	Method detection limit (µg/L)
Parent compound	1	2	3	4	Retention time (min)	Method detection limit (µg/L)
2-Chlorophenol		90	1		3.3	0.58
2-Nitrophenol			9	90	9.1	0.77
Phenol		90	10		1.8	2.2
2,4-Dimethylphenol		95	7		2.9	0.63
2,4-Dichlorophenol		95	1		5.8	0.68
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol	50	50			7.0	0.58
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol		84	14		4.8	1.8
Pentachlorophenol	75	20			28.8	0.59
4-Nitrophenol			1	90	14.0	0.70

Column conditions: Chromosorb W-AW-DMCS (80/100 mesh) coated with 5% OV-17 packed in a 1.8 m long × 2.0 mm ID glass column with 5% methane/95% argon carrier gas at 30 mL/min flow rate. Column temperature held isothermal at 200 °C. MDL were determined with an ECD.

^a Eluant composition:

Fraction 1—15% toluene in hexane.

Fraction 2—40% toluene in hexane.

Fraction 3—75% toluene in hexane.

Fraction 4—15% 2-propanol in toluene.

Table 3—QC Acceptance Criteria—Method 604

Parameter	Test conc. (µg/L)	Limit for s (µg/L)	Range for X (µg/L)	Range for P, Ps (percent)
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol	100	16.6	56.7-113.4	49-122
2-Chlorophenol	100	27.0	54.1-110.2	38-126
2,4-Dichlorophenol	100	25.1	59.7-103.3	44-119
2,4-Dimethylphenol	100	33.3	50.4-100.0	24-118
4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol	100	25.0	42.4-123.6	30-136
2,4-Dinitrophenol	100	36.0	31.7-125.1	12-145
2-Nitrophenol	100	22.5	56.6-103.8	43-117
4-Nitrophenol	100	19.0	22.7-100.0	13-110
Pentachlorophenol	100	32.4	56.7-113.5	36-134
Phenol	100	14.1	32.4-100.0	23-108
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol	100	16.6	60.8-110.4	53-119

s—Standard deviation of four recovery measurements, in µg/L (Section 8.2.4).

X
—Average recovery for four recovery measurements, in µg/L (Section 8.2.4).

P, Ps—Percent recovery measured (Section 8.3.2, Section 8.4.2).

Note: These criteria are based directly upon the method performance data in Table 4. Where necessary, the limits for recovery have been broadened to assure applicability of the limits to concentrations below those used to develop Table 4.

Table 4—Method Accuracy and Precision as Functions of Concentration—Method 604

Parameter	Accuracy, as recovery, X′ (µg/L)	Single Analyst precision, sr′ (µg/L)	Overall precision, S′ (µg/L)
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol	0.87C-1.97	0.11X -0.21	0.16X + 1.41
2-Chlorophenol	0.83C-0.84	0.18X + 0.20	0.21X + 0.75
2,4-Dichlorophenol	0.81C + 0.48	0.17X -0.02	0.18X + 0.62
2,4-Dimethylphenol	0.62C-1.64	0.30X -0.89	0.25X + 0.48
4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol	0.84C-1.01	0.15X + 1.25	0.19X + 5.85
2,4-Dinitrophenol	0.80C-1.58	0.27X -1.15	0.29X + 4.51
2-Nitrophenol	0.81C-0.76	0.15X + 0.44	0.14X + 3.84
4-Nitrophenol	0.46C + 0.18	0.17X + 2.43	0.19X + 4.79
Pentachlorophenol	0.83C + 2.07	0.22X -0.58	0.23X + 0.57
Phenol	0.43C + 0.11	0.20X -0.88	0.17X + 0.77
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol	0.86C-0.40	0.10X + 0.53	0.13X + 2.40

X′ = Expected recovery for one or more measurements of a sample containing a concentration of C, in µg/L.

sr′ = Expected single analyst standard deviation of measurements at an average concentration found of X
, in µg/L.

S′ = Expected interlaboratory standard deviation of measurements at an average concentration found of X
, in µg/L.

C = True value for the concentration, in µg/L.

X
= Average recovery found for measurements of samples containing a concentration of C, in µg/L.

Method 605—Benzidines

1. Scope and Application

1.1 This method covers the determination of certain benzidines. The following parameters can be determined by this method:

Parameter	Storet No	CAS No.
Benzidine	39120	92-87-5
3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine	34631	91-94-1

1.2 This is a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method applicable to the determination of the compounds listed above in municipal and industrial discharges as provided under 40 CFR 136.1. When this method is used to analyze unfamiliar samples for the compounds above, identifications should be supported by at least one additional qualitative technique. This method describes electrochemical conditions at a second potential which can be used to confirm measurements made with this method. Method 625 provides gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) conditions appropriate for the qualitative and quantitative confirmation of results for the parameters listed above, using the extract produced by this method.

1.5 This method is restricted to use by or under the supervision of analysts experienced in the use of HPLC instrumentation and in the interpretation of liquid chromatograms. Each analyst must demonstrate the ability to generate acceptable results with this method using the procedure described in Section 8.2.

2. Summary of Method

2.1 A measured volume of sample, approximately 1-L, is extracted with chloroform using liquid-liquid extractions in a separatory funnel. The chloroform extract is extracted with acid. The acid extract is then neutralized and extracted with chloroform. The final chloroform extract is exchanged to methanol while being concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The extract is mixed with buffer and separated by HPLC. The benzidine compounds are measured with an electrochemical detector.
2

2.2 The acid back-extraction acts as a general purpose cleanup to aid in the elimination of interferences.

3. Interferences

3.1 Method interferences may be caused by contaminants in solvents, reagents, glassware, and other sample processing hardware that lead to discrete artifacts and/or elevated baselines in chromatograms. All of these materials must be routinely demonstrated to be free from interferences under the conditions of the analysis by running laboratory reagent blanks as described in Section 8.1.3.

3.1.1 Glassware must be scrupulously cleaned.
3 Clean all glassware as soon as possible after use by rinsing with the last solvent used in it. Solvent rinsing should be followed by detergent washing with hot water, and rinses with tap water and distilled water. The glassware should then be drained dry, and heated in a muffle furnace at 400 °C for 15 to 30 min. Some thermally stable materials may not be eliminated by this treatment. Solvent rinses with acetone and pesticide quality hexane may be substituted for the muffle furnace heating. Volumetric ware should not be heated in a muffle furnace. After drying and cooling, glassware should be sealed and stored in a clean environment to prevent any accumulation of dust or other contaminants. Store inverted or capped with aluminum foil.

3.1.2 The use of high purity reagents and solvents helps to minimize interference problems. Purification of solvents by distillation in all-glass systems may be required.

3.2 Matrix interferences may be caused by contaminants that are co-extracted from the sample. The extent of matrix interferences will vary considerably from source to source, depending upon the nature and diversity of the industrial complex or municipality being sampled. The cleanup procedures that are inherent in the extraction step are used to overcome many of these interferences, but unique samples may require additional cleanup approaches to achieve the MDL listed in Table 1.

3.3 Some dye plant effluents contain large amounts of components with retention times closed to benzidine. In these cases, it has been found useful to reduce the electrode potential in order to eliminate interferences and still detect benzidine. (See Section 12.7.)

4. Safety

4.1 The toxicity or carcinogenicity of each reagent used in this method has not been precisely defined; however, each chemical compound should be treated as a potential health harzard. From this viewpoint, exposure to these chemicals must be reduced to the lowest possible level by whatever means available. The laboratory is responsible for maintaining a current awareness file of OSHA regulations regarding the safe handling of the chemicals specified in this method. A reference file of material data handling sheets should also be made available to all personnel involved in the chemical analysis. Additional references to laboratory safety are available and have been identified
4 6 for the information of the analyst.

4.2 The following parameters covered by this method have been tentatively classified as known or suspected, human or mammalian carcinogens: benzidine and 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine. Primary standards of these toxic compounds should be prepared in a hood. A NIOSH/MESA approved toxic gas respirator should be worn when the analyst handles high concentrations of these toxic compounds.

4.3 Exposure to chloroform should be minimized by performing all extractions and extract concentrations in a hood or other well-ventiliated area.

5. Apparatus and Materials

5.1 Sampling equipment, for discrete or composite sampling.

5.2 Glassware (All specifications are suggested):

5.2.1 Separatory funnels—2000, 1000, and 250-mL, with Teflon stopcock.

5.2.2 Vials—10 to 15-mL, amber glass, with Teflon-lined screw cap.

5.2.3 Rotary evaporator.

5.2.4 Flasks—Round bottom, 100-mL, with 24/40 joints.

5.2.5 Centrifuge tubes—Conical, graduated, with Teflon-lined screw caps.

5.2.6 Pipettes—Pasteur, with bulbs.

5.3 Balance—Analytical, capable of accurately weighing 0.0001 g.

5.4 High performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC)—An analytical system complete with column supplies, high pressure syringes, detector, and compatible recorder. A data system is recommended for measuring peak areas and retention times.

5.4.1 Solvent delivery system—With pulse damper, Altex 110A or equivalent.

5.4.2 Injection valve (optional)—Waters U6K or equivalent.

5.4.3 Electrochemical detector—Bioanalytical Systems LC-2A with glassy carbon electrode, or equivalent. This detector has proven effective in the analysis of wastewaters for the parameters listed in the scope (Section 1.1), and was used to develop the method performance statements in Section 14. Guidelines for the use of alternate detectors are provided in Section 12.1.

5.4.4 Electrode polishing kit—Princeton Applied Research Model 9320 or equivalent.

5.4.5 Column—Lichrosorb RP-2, 5 micron particle diameter, in a 25 cm × 4.6 mm ID stainless steel column. This column was used to develop the method performance statements in Section 14. Guidelines for the use of alternate column packings are provided in Section 12.1.

6. Reagents

6.1 Reagent water—Reagent water is defined as a water in which an interferent is not observed at the MDL of the parameters of interest.

6.2 Sodium hydroxide solution (5 N)—Dissolve 20 g of NaOH (ACS) in reagent water and dilute to 100 mL.

6.3 Sodium hydroxide solution (1 M)—Dissolve 40 g of NaOH (ACS) in reagent water and dilute to 1 L.

6.4 Sodium thiosulfate—(ACS) Granular.

6.5 Sodium tribasic phosphate (0.4 M)—Dissolve 160 g of trisodium phosphate decahydrate (ACS) in reagent water and dilute to 1 L.

6.6 Sulfuric acid (1 + 1)—Slowly, add 50 mL of H2SO4 (ACS, sp. gr. 1.84) to 50 mL of reagent water.

6.7 Sulfuric acid (1 M)—Slowly, add 58 mL of H2SO4 (ACS, sp. gr. 1.84) to reagent water and dilute to 1 L.

6.8 Acetate buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.7)—Dissolve 5.8 mL of glacial acetic acid (ACS) and 13.6 g of sodium acetate trihydrate (ACS) in reagent water which has been purified by filtration through a RO-4 Millipore System or equivalent and dilute to 1 L.

6.9 Acetonitrile, chloroform (preserved with 1% ethanol), methanol—Pesticide quality or equivalent.

6.10 Mobile phase—Place equal volumes of filtered acetonitrile (Millipore type FH filter or equivalent) and filtered acetate buffer (Millipore type GS filter or equivalent) in a narrow-mouth, glass container and mix thoroughly. Prepare fresh weekly. Degas daily by sonicating under vacuum, by heating and stirring, or by purging with helium.

6.11 Stock standard solutions (1.00 µg/µL)—Stock standard solutions may be prepared from pure standard materials or purchased as certified solutions.

6.11.1 Prepare stock standard solutions by accurately weighing about 0.0100 g of pure material. Dissolve the material in methanol and dilute to volume in a 10-mL volumetric flask. Larger volumes can be used at the convenience of the analyst. When compound purity is assayed to be 96% or greater, the weight can be used without correction to calculate the concentration of the stock standard. Commercially prepared stock standards can be used at any concentration if they are certified by the manufacturer or by an independent source.

6.11.2 Transfer the stock standard solutions into Teflon-sealed screw-cap bottles. Store at 4 °C and protect from light. Stock standard solutions should be checked frequently for signs of degradation or evaporation, especially just prior to preparing calibration standards from them.

6.11.3 Stock standard solutions must be replaced after six months, or sooner if comparison with check standards indicates a problem.

6.12 Quality control check sample concentrate—See Section 8.2.1.

7. Calibration

7.1 Establish chromatographic operating conditions equivalent to those given in Table 1. The HPLC system can be calibrated using the external standard technique (Section 7.2) or the internal standard technique (Section 7.3).

7.2 External standard calibration procedure:

7.2.1 Prepare calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter of interest by adding volumes of one or more stock standards to a volumetric flask and diluting to volume with mobile phase. One of the external standards should be at a concentration near, but above, the MDL (Table 1) and the other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples or should define the working range of the detector.

7.2.2 Using syringe injections of 5 to 25 µL or a constant volume injection loop, analyze each calibration standard according to Section 12 and tabulate peak height or area responses against the mass injected. The results can be used to prepare a calibration curve for each compound. Alternatively, if the ratio of response to amount injected (calibration factor) is a constant over the working range (

7.3 Internal standard calibration procedure—To use this approach, the analyst must select one or more internal standards that are similar in analytical behavior to the compounds of interest. The analyst must further demonstrate that the measurement of the internal standard is not affected by method or matrix interferences. Because of these limitations, no internal standard can be suggested that is applicable to all samples.

7.3.1 Prepare calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter of interest by adding volumes of one or more stock standards to a volumetric flask. To each calibration standard, add a known constant amount of one or more internal standards, and dilute to volume with mobile phase. One of the standards should be at a concentration near, but above, the MDL and the other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples or should define the working range of the detector.

7.3.2 Using syringe injections of 5 to 25 µL or a constant volume injection loop, analyze each calibration standard according to Section 12 and tabulate peak height or area responses against concentration for each compound and internal standard. Calculate response factors (RF) for each compound using Equation 1.

RF = (As)(Cis (Ais)(Cs)

Equation 1

where:

As = Response for the parameter to be measured.

Ais = Response for the internal standard.

Cis = Concentration of the internal standard (µg/L).

Cs = Concentration of the parameter to be measured (µg/L).

If the RF value over the working range is a constant (s/Ais, vs. RF.

7.5 Before using any cleanup procedure, the analyst must process a series of calibration standards through the procedure to validate elution patterns and the absence of interferences from the reagents.

8. Quality Control

8.1.1 The analyst must make an initial, one-time, demonstration of the ability to generate acceptable accuracy and precision with this method. This ability is established as described in Section 8.2.

8.1.2 In recognition of advances that are occurring in chromatography, the analyst is permitted certain options (detailed in Sections 10.9, 11.1, and 12.1) to improve the separations or lower the cost of measurements. Each time such a modification is made to the method, the analyst is required to repeat the procedure in Section 8.2.

8.1.3 Before processing any samples, the analyst must analyze a reagent water blank to demonstrate that interferences from the analytical system and glassware are under control. Each time a set of samples is extracted or reagents are changed, a reagent water blank must be processed as a safeguard against laboratory contamination.

8.1.4 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, spike and analyze a minimum of 10% of all samples to monitor and evaluate laboratory data quality. This procedure is described in Section 8.3.

8.1.6 The laboratory must maintain performance records to document the quality of data that is generated. This procedure is described in Section 8.5.

8.2 To establish the ability to generate acceptable accuracy and precision, the analyst must perform the following operations.

8.2.1 A quality control (QC) check sample concentrate is required containing benzidine and/or 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine at a concentration of 50 µg/mL each in methanol. The QC check sample concentrate must be obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio, if available. If not available from that source, the QC check sample concentrate must be obtained from another external source. If not available from either source above, the QC check sample concentrate must be prepared by the laboratory using stock standards prepared independently from those used for calibration.

8.2.2 Using a pipet, prepare QC check samples at a concentration of 50 µg/L by adding 1.00 mL of QC check sample concentrate to each of four 1-L-L aliquots of reagent water.

8.2.3 Analyze the well-mixed QC check samples according to the method beginning in Section 10.

8.2.4 Calculate the average recovery (X
) in µg/L, and the standard deviation of the recovery (s) in µg/L, for each parameter using the four results.

8.2.5 For each parameter compare s and X
with the corresponding acceptance criteria for precision and accuracy, respectively, found in Table 2. If s and X
for all parameters of interest meet the acceptance criteria, the system performance is acceptable and analysis of actual samples can begin. If any individual s exceeds the precision limit or any individual X
falls outside the range for accuracy, the system performance is unacceptable for that parameter. Locate and correct the source of the problem and repeat the test for all parameters of interest beginning with Section 8.2.2.

8.3.1 The concentration of the spike in the sample should be determined as follows:

8.3.1.3 If it is impractical to determine background levels before spiking (e.g., maximum holding times will be exceeded), the spike concentration should be (1) the regulatory concentration limit, if any; or, if none (2) the larger of either 5 times higher than the expected background concentration or 50 µg/L.

8.3.3 Compare the percent recovery (P) for each parameter with the corresponding QC acceptance criteria found in Table 2. These acceptance criteria were calculated to include an allowance for error in measurement of both the background and spike concentrations, assuming a spike to background ratio of 5:1. This error will be accounted for to the extent that the analyst’s spike to background ratio approaches 5:1.
7 If spiking was performed at a concentration lower than 50 µg/L, the analyst must use either the QC acceptance criteria in Table 2, or optional QC acceptance criteria calculated for the specific spike concentration. To calculate optional acceptance criteria for the recovery of a parameter: (1) Calculate accuracy (X′) using the equation in Table 3, substituting the spike concentration (T) for C; (2) calculate overall precision (S′) using the equation in Table 3, substituting X′ for X
; (3) calculate the range for recovery at the spike concentration as (100 X′/T)±2.44(100 S′/T)%.
7

8.4 If any parameter fails the acceptance criteria for recovery in Section 8.3, a QC check standard containing each parameter that failed must be prepared and analyzed.

Note:

8.4.1 Prepare the QC check standard by adding 1.0 mL of QC check sample concentrate (Sections 8.2.1 or 8.3.2) to 1 L of reagent water. The QC check standard needs only to contain the parameters that failed criteria in the test in Section 8.3.

8.5 As part of the QC program for the laboratory, method accuracy for wastewater samples must be assessed and records must be maintained. After the analysis of five spiked wastewater samples as in Section 8.3, calculate the average percent recovery (P
) and the standard deviation of the percent recovery (sp). Express the accuracy assessment as a percent recovery interval from P
−2sp to P
+ 2sp. If P
= 90% and sp = 10%, for example, the accuracy interval is expressed as 70-110%. Update the accuracy assessment for each parameter on a regular basis (e.g. after each five to ten new accuracy measurements).

8.6 It is recommended that the laboratory adopt additional quality assurance practices for use with this method. The specific practices that are most productive depend upon the needs of the laboratory and the nature of the samples. Field duplicates may be analyzed to assess the precision of the environmental measurements. When doubt exists over the identification of a peak on the chromatogram, confirmatory techniques such as HPLC with a dissimilar column, gas chromatography, or mass spectrometer must be used. Whenever possible, the laboratory should analyze standard reference materials and participate in relevant performance evaluation studies.

9. Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling

9.1 Grab samples must be collected in glass containers. Conventional sampling practices
8 should be followed, except that the bottle must not be prerinsed with sample before collection. Composite samples should be collected in refrigerated glass containers in accordance with the requirements of the program. Automatic sampling equipment must be as free as possible of Tygon tubing and other potential sources of contamination.

9.2 All samples must be iced or refrigerated at 4 °C and stored in the dark from the time of collection until extraction. Both benzidine and 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine are easily oxidized. Fill the sample bottles and, if residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg of sodium thiosulfate per liter of sample and mix well. EPA Methods 330.4 and 330.5 may be used for measurement of residual chlorine.
9 Field test kits are available for this purpose. After mixing, adjust the pH of the sample to a range of 2 to 7 with sulfuric acid.

9.3 If 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is likely to be present, adjust the pH of the sample to 4.0 ±0.2 to prevent rearrangement to benzidine.

9.4 All samples must be extracted within 7 days of collection. Extracts may be held up to 7 days before analysis, if stored under an inert (oxidant free) atmosphere.
2 The extract should be protected from light.

10. Sample Extraction

10.1 Mark the water meniscus on the side of the sample bottle for later determination of sample volume. Pour the entire sample into a 2-L separatory funnel. Check the pH of the sample with wide-range pH paper and adjust to within the range of 6.5 to 7.5 with sodium hydroxide solution or sulfuric acid.

10.2 Add 100 mL of chloroform to the sample bottle, seal, and shake 30 s to rinse the inner surface. (Caution: Handle chloroform in a well ventilated area.) Transfer the solvent to the separatory funnel and extract the sample by shaking the funnel for 2 min with periodic venting to release excess pressure. Allow the organic layer to separate from the water phase for a minimum of 10 min. If the emulsion interface between layers is more than one-third the volume of the solvent layer, the analyst must employ mechanical techniques to complete the phase separation. The optimum technique depends upon the sample, but may include stirring, filtration of the emulsion through glass wool, centrifugation, or other physical methods. Collect the chloroform extract in a 250-mL separatory funnel.

10.3 Add a 50-mL volume of chloroform to the sample bottle and repeat the extraction procedure a second time, combining the extracts in the separatory funnel. Perform a third extraction in the same manner.

10.4 Separate and discard any aqueous layer remaining in the 250-mL separatory funnel after combining the organic extracts. Add 25 mL of 1 M sulfuric acid and extract the sample by shaking the funnel for 2 min. Transfer the aqueous layer to a 250-mL beaker. Extract with two additional 25-mL portions of 1 M sulfuric acid and combine the acid extracts in the beaker.

10.5 Place a stirbar in the 250-mL beaker and stir the acid extract while carefully adding 5 mL of 0.4 M sodium tribasic phosphate. While monitoring with a pH meter, neutralize the extract to a pH between 6 and 7 by dropwise addition of 5 N sodium hydroxide solution while stirring the solution vigorously. Approximately 25 to 30 mL of 5 N sodium hydroxide solution will be required and it should be added over at least a 2-min period. Do not allow the sample pH to exceed 8.

10.6 Transfer the neutralized extract into a 250-mL separatory funnel. Add 30 mL of chloroform and shake the funnel for 2 min. Allow the phases to separate, and transfer the organic layer to a second 250-mL separatory funnel.

10.7 Extract the aqueous layer with two additional 20-mL aliquots of chloroform as before. Combine the extracts in the 250-mL separatory funnel.

10.8 Add 20 mL of reagent water to the combined organic layers and shake for 30 s.

10.9 Transfer the organic extract into a 100-mL round bottom flask. Add 20 mL of methanol and concentrate to 5 mL with a rotary evaporator at reduced pressure and 35 °C. An aspirator is recommended for use as the source of vacuum. Chill the receiver with ice. This operation requires approximately 10 min. Other concentration techniques may be used if the requirements of Section 8.2 are met.

10.10 Using a 9-in. Pasteur pipette, transfer the extract to a 15-mL, conical, screw-cap centrifuge tube. Rinse the flask, including the entire side wall, with 2-mL portions of methanol and combine with the original extract.

10.11 Carefully concentrate the extract to 0.5 mL using a gentle stream of nitrogen while heating in a 30 °C water bath. Dilute to 2 mL with methanol, reconcentrate to 1 mL, and dilute to 5 mL with acetate buffer. Mix the extract thoroughly. Cap the centrifuge tube and store refrigerated and protected from light if further processing will not be performed immediately. If the extract will be stored longer than two days, it should be transferred to a Teflon-sealed screw-cap vial. If the sample extract requires no further cleanup, proceed with HPLC analysis (Section 12). If the sample requires further cleanup, proceed to Section 11.

10.12 Determine the original sample volume by refilling the sample bottle to the mark and transferring the liquid to a 1,000-mL graduated cylinder. Record the sample volume to the nearest 5 mL.

11. Cleanup and Separation

11.1 Cleanup procedures may not be necessary for a relatively clean sample matrix. If particular circumstances demand the use of a cleanup procedure, the analyst first must demonstrate that the requirements of Section 8.2 can be met using the method as revised to incorporate the cleanup procedure.

12. High Performance Liquid Chromatography

12.1 Table 1 summarizes the recommended operating conditions for the HPLC. Included in this table are retention times, capacity factors, and MDL that can be achieved under these conditions. An example of the separations achieved by this HPLC column is shown in Figure 1. Other HPLC columns, chromatographic conditions, or detectors may be used if the requirements of Section 8.2 are met. When the HPLC is idle, it is advisable to maintain a 0.1 mL/min flow through the column to prolong column life.

12.2 Calibrate the system daily as described in Section 7.

12.3 If the internal standard calibration procedure is being used, the internal standard must be added to the sample extract and mixed thoroughly immediately before injection into the instrument.

12.4 Inject 5 to 25 µL of the sample extract or standard into the HPLC. If constant volume injection loops are not used, record the volume injected to the nearest 0.05 µL, and the resulting peak size in area or peak height units.

12.5 Identify the parameters in the sample by comparing the retention times of the peaks in the sample chromatogram with those of the peaks in standard chromatograms. The width of the retention time window used to make identifications should be based upon measurements of actual retention time variations of standards over the course of a day. Three times the standard deviation of a retention time for a compound can be used to calculate a suggested window size; however, the experience of the analyst should weigh heavily in the interpretation of chromatograms.

12.6 If the response for a peak exceeds the working range of the system, dilute the extract with mobile phase and reanalyze.

12.7 If the measurement of the peak response for benzidine is prevented by the presence of interferences, reduce the electrode potential to + 0.6 V and reanalyze. If the benzidine peak is still obscured by interferences, further cleanup is required.

13. Calculations

13.1 Determine the concentration of individual compounds in the sample.

Equation 2

where:

A = Amount of material injected (ng).

Vi = Volume of extract injected (µL).

Vt = Volume of total extract (µL).

Vs = Volume of water extracted (mL).

13.1.2 If the internal standard calibration procedure is used, calculate the concentration in the sample using the response factor (RF) determined in Section 7.3.2 and Equation 3.

Equation 3

where:

As = Response for the parameter to be measured.

Ais = Response for the internal standard.

Is = Amount of internal standard added to each extract (µg).

Vo = Volume of water extracted (L).

13.2 Report results in µg/L without correction for recovery data. All QC data obtained should be reported with the sample results.

14. Method Performance

14.1 The method detection limit (MDL) is defined as the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the value is above zero.
1 The MDL concentrations listed in Table 1 were obtained using reagent water.
10 Similar results were achieved using representative wastewaters. The MDL actually achieved in a given analysis will vary depending on instrument sensitivity and matrix effects.

14.2 This method has been tested for linearity of spike recovery from reagent water and has been demonstrated to be applicable over the concentration range from 7 × MDL to 3000 × MDL.
10

14.3 This method was tested by 17 laboratories using reagent water, drinking water, surface water, and three industrial wastewaters spiked at six concentrations over the range 1.0 to 70 µg/L.
11 Single operator precision, overall precision, and method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the parameter and essentially independent of the sample matrix. Linear equations to describe these relationships are presented in Table 3.

References

1. 40 CFR part 136, appendix B.

2. “Determination of Benzidines in Industrial and Muncipal Wastewaters,” EPA 600/4-82-022, National Technical Information Service, PB82-196320, Springfield, Virginia 22161, April 1982.

3. ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Part 31, D3694-78. “Standard Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and for Preservation of Organic Constituents,” American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

5. “OSHA Safety and Health Standards, General Industry,” (29 CFR part 1910), Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA 2206 (Revised, January 1976).

6. “Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories,” American Chemical Society Publication, Committee on Chemical Safety, 3rd Edition, 1979.

7. Provost, L.P., and Elder, R.S. “Interpretation of Percent Recovery Data,” American Laboratory, 15, 58-63 (1983). (The value 2.44 used in the equation in Section 8.3.3 is two times the value 1.22 derived in this report.)

8. ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Part 31, D3370-76. “Standard Practices for Sampling Water,” American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

9. “Methods 330.4 (Titrimetric, DPD-FAS) and 330.5 (Spectrophotometric, DPD) for Chlorine Total Residual,” Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA-600/4-79-020, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, March 1979.

10. “EPA Method Study 15, Method 605 (Benzidines),” EPA 600/4-84-062, National Technical Information Service, PB84-211176, Springfield, Virginia 22161, June 1984.

11. “EPA Method Validation Study 15, Method 605 (Benzidines),” Report for EPA Contract 68-03-2624 (In preparation).

Table 1—Chromatographic Conditions and Method Detection Limits

Parameter	Retention time (min)	Column capacity factor (k′)	Method detection limit (µg/L)
Benzidine	6.1	1.44	0.08
3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine	12.1	3.84	0.13

HPLC Column conditions: Lichrosorb RP-2, 5 micron particle size, in a 25 cm × 4.6 mm ID stainless steel column. Mobile Phase: 0.8 mL/min of 50% acetonitrile/50% 0.1M pH 4.7 acetate buffer. The MDL were determined using an electrochemical detector operated at + 0.8 V.

Table 2—QC Acceptance Criteria—Method 605

Parameter	Test conc. (µg/L)	Limit for s (µg/L)	Range for X (µg/L)	Range for P, Ps (percent)
Benzidine	50	18.7	9.1-61.0	D-140
3.3′-Dichlorobenzidine	50	23.6	18.7-50.0	5-128

s = Standard deviation of four recovery measurements, in µg/L (Section 8.2.4).

X
= Average recovery for four recovery measurements, in µg/L (Section 8.2.4).

P, Ps = Percent recovery measured (Section 8.3.2, Section 8.4.2).

D = Detected; result must be greater than zero.

Table 3—Method Accuracy and Precision as Functions of Concentration—Method 605

Parameter	Accuracy, as recovery, X′(µg/L)	Single analyst precision, sr′ (µg/L)	Overall precision, S′ (µg/L)
Benzidine	0.70C + 0.06	0.28X + 0.19	0.40X + 0.18
3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine	0.66C + 0.23	0.39X −0.05	0.38X + 0.02

X′ = Expected recovery for one or more measurements of a sample containing a concentration of C, in µg/L.

sr′ = Expected single analyst standard deviation of measurements at an average concentration found of X
, in µg/L.

S′ = Expected interlaboratory standard deviation of measurements at an average concentration found of X
, in µg/L.

C = True value for the concentration, in µg/L.

X
= Average recovery found for measurements of samples containing a concentration of C, in µg/L.

Method 606—Phthalate Ester

1. Scope and Application

1.1 This method covers the determination of certain phthalate esters. The following parameters can be determined by this method:

Parameter	STORET No.	CAS No.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate	39100	117-81-7
Butyl benzyl phthalate	34292	85-68-7
Di-n-butyl phthalate	39110	84-74-2
Diethyl phthalate	34336	84-66-2
Dimethyl phthalate	34341	131-11-3
Di-n-octyl phthalate	34596	117-84-0

1.2 This is a gas chromatographic (GC) method applicable to the determination of the compounds listed above in municipal and industrial discharges as provided under 40 CFR 136.1. When this method is used to analyze unfamiliar samples for any or all of the compounds above, compound identifications should be supported by at least one additional qualitative technique. This method describes analytical conditions for a second gas chromatographic column that can be used to confirm measurements made with the primary column. Method 625 provides gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) conditions appropriate for the qualitative and quantitative confirmation of results for all of the parameters listed above, using the extract produced by this method.

1.4 The sample extraction and concentration steps in this method are essentially the same as in Methods 608, 609, 611, and 612. Thus, a single sample may be extracted to measure the parameters included in the scope of each of these methods. When cleanup is required, the concentration levels must be high enough to permit selecting aliquots, as necessary, to apply appropriate cleanup procedures. The analyst is allowed the latitude, under Section 12, to select chromatographic conditions appropriate for the simultaneous measurement of combinations of these parameters.

1.5 Any modification of this method, beyond those expressly permitted, shall be considered as a major modification subject to application and approval of alternate test procedures under 40 CFR 136.4 and 136.5.

1.6 This method is restricted to use by or under the supervision of analysts experienced in the use of a gas chromatograph and in the interpretation of gas chromatograms. Each analyst must demonstrate the ability to generate acceptable results with this method using the procedure described in Section 8.2.

2. Summary of Method

2.1 A measured volume of sample, approximately 1-L, is extracted with methylene chloride using a separatory funnel. The methylene chloride extract is dried and exchanged to hexane during concentration to a volume of 10 mL or less. The extract is separated by gas chromatography and the phthalate esters are then measured with an electron capture detector.
2

2.2 Analysis for phthalates is especially complicated by their ubiquitous occurrence in the environment. The method provides Florisil and alumina column cleanup procedures to aid in the elimination of interferences that may be encountered.

3. Interferences

3.1.1 Glassware must be scrupulously cleaned.
3 Clean all glassware as soon as possible after use by rinsing with the last solvent used in it. Solvent rinsing should be followed by detergent washing with hot water, and rinses with tap water and distilled water. The glassware should then be drained dry, and heated in a muffle furnace at 400 °C for 15 to 30 min. Some thermally stable materials, such as PCBs, may not be eliminated by this treatment. Solvent rinses with acetone and pesticide quality hexane may be substituted for the muffle furnace heating. Thorough rinsing with such solvents usually eliminates PCB interference. Volumetric ware should not be heated in a muffle furnace. After drying and cooling, glassware should be sealed and stored in a clean environment to prevent any accumulation of dust or other contaminants. Store inverted or capped with aluminum foil.

3.1.2 The use of high purity reagents and solvents helps to minimize interference problems. Purification of solvents by distillation in all-glass systems may be required.

3.2 Phthalate esters are contaminants in many products commonly found in the laboratory. It is particularly important to avoid the use of plastics because phthalates are commonly used as plasticizers and are easily extracted from plastic materials. Serious phthalate contamination can result at any time, if consistent quality control is not practiced. Great care must be experienced to prevent such contamination. Exhaustive cleanup of reagents and glassware may be required to eliminate background phthalate contamination.
4 5

3.3 Matrix interferences may be caused by contaminants that are co-extracted from the sample. The extent of matrix interferences will vary considerably from source to source, depending upon the nature and diversity of the industrial complex or municipality being sampled. The cleanup procedures in Section 11 can be used to overcome many of these interferences, but unique samples may require additional cleanup approaches to achieve the MDL listed in Table 1.

4. Safety

5. Apparatus and Materials

5.1 Sampling equipment, for discrete or composite sampling.

5.2 Glassware (All specifications are suggested. Catalog numbers are included for illustration only).

5.2.1 Separatory funnel—2-L, with Teflon stopcock.

5.2.2 Drying column—Chromatographic column, approximately 400 mm long × 19 mm ID, with coarse frit filter disc.

5.2.3 Chromatographic column—300 mm long × 10 mm ID, with Teflon stopcock and coarse frit filter disc at bottom (Kontes K-420540-0213 or equivalent).

5.2.5 Evaporative flask, Kuderna-Danish—500-mL (Kontes K-570001-0500 or equivalent). Attach to concentrator tube with springs.

5.2.6 Snyder column, Kuderna-Danish—Three-ball macro (Kontes K-503000-0121 or equivalent).

5.2.7 Snyder column, Kuderna-Danish—Two-ball micro (Kontes K-569001-0219 or equivalent).

5.2.8 Vials—10 to 15-mL, amber glass, with Teflon-lined screw cap.

5.3 Boiling chips—Approximately 10/40 mesh. Heat to 400 °C for 30 min or Soxhlet extract with methylene chloride.

5.4 Water bath—Heated, with concentric ring cover, capable of temperature control (±2 °C). The bath should be used in a hood.

5.5 Balance—Analytical, capable of accurately weighing 0.0001 g.

5.6 Gas chromatograph—An analytical system complete with gas chromatograph suitable for on-column injection and all required accessories including syringes, analytical columns, gases, detector, and strip-chart recorder. A data system is recommended for measuring peak areas.

5.6.1 Column 1—1.8 m long × 4 mm ID glass, packed with 1.5% SP-2250/1.95% SP-2401 Supelcoport (100/120 mesh) or equivalent. This column was used to develop the method performance statemelts in Section 14. Guidelines for the use of alternate column packings are provided in Section 12.1.

5.6.2 Column 2—1.8 m long × 4 mm ID glass, packed with 3% OV-1 on Supelcoport (100/120 mesh) or equivalent.

5.6.3 Detector—Electron capture detector. This detector has proven effective in the analysis of wastewaters for the parameters listed in the scope (Section 1.1), and was used to develop the method performance statements in Section 14. Guidelines for the use of alternate detectors are provided in Section 12.1.

6. Reagents

6.1 Reagent water—Reagent water is defined as a water in which an interferent is not observed at the MDL of the parameters of interest.

6.2 Acetone, hexane, isooctane, methylene chloride, methanol—Pesticide quality or equivalent.

6.3 Ethyl ether—nanograde, redistilled in glass if necessary.

6.3.1 Ethyl ether must be shown to be free of peroxides before it is used as indicated by EM Laboratories Quant test strips. (Available from Scientific Products Co., Cat. No. P1126-8, and other suppliers.)

6.3.2 Procedures recommended for removal of peroxides are provided with the test strips. After cleanup, 20 mL of ethyl alcohol preservative must be added to each liter of ether.

6.4 Sodium sulfate—(ACS) Granular, anhydrous. Several levels of purification may be required in order to reduce background phthalate levels to an acceptable level: 1) Heat 4 h at 400 °C in a shallow tray, 2) Heat 16 h at 450 to 500 °C in a shallow tray, 3) Soxhlet extract with methylene chloride for 48 h.

6.5 Florisil—PR grade (60/100 mesh). Purchase activated at 1250 °F and store in the dark in glass containers with ground glass stoppers or foil-lined screw caps. To prepare for use, place 100 g of Florisil into a 500-mL beaker and heat for approximately 16 h at 40 °C. After heating transfer to a 500-mL reagent bottle. Tightly seal and cool to room temperature. When cool add 3 mL of reagent water. Mix thoroughly by shaking or rolling for 10 min and let it stand for at least 2 h. Keep the bottle sealed tightly.

6.6 Alumina—Neutral activity Super I, W200 series (ICN Life Sciences Group, No. 404583). To prepare for use, place 100 g of alumina into a 500-mL beaker and heat for approximately 16 h at 400 °C. After heating transfer to a 500-mL reagent bottle. Tightly seal and cool to room temperature. When cool add 3 mL of reagent water. Mix thoroughly by shaking or rolling for 10 min and let it stand for at least 2 h. Keep the bottle sealed tightly.

6.7 Stock standard solutions (1.00 µg/µL)—Stock standard solutions can be prepared from pure standard materials or purchased as certified solutions.

6.7.1 Prepare stock standard solutions by accurately weighing about 0.0100 g of pure material. Dissolve the material in isooctane and dilute to volume in a 10-mL volumetric flask. Larger volumes can be used at the convenience of the analyst. When compound purity is assayed to be 96% or greater, the weight can be used without correction to calculate the concentration of the stock standard. Commercially prepared stock standards can be used at any concentration if they are certified by the manufacturer or by an independent source.

6.7.2 Transfer the stock standard solutions into Teflon-sealed screw-cap bottles. Store at 4 °C and protect from light. Stock standard solutions should be checked frequently for signs of degradation or evaporation, especially just prior to preparing calibration standards from them.

6.7.3 Stock standard solutions must be replaced after six months, or sooner if comparison with check standards indicates a problem.

6.8 Quality control check sample concentrate—See Section 8.2.1.

7. Calibration

7.1 Establish gas chromatograph operating conditions equivalent to those given in Table 1. The gas chromatographic system can be calibrated using the external standard technique (Section 7.2) or the internal standard technique (Section 7.3).

7.2 External standard calibration procedure:

7.2.1 Prepared calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter of interest by adding volumes of one or more stock standards to a volumetric flask and diluting to volume with isooctane. One of the external standards should be at a concentration near, but above, the MDL (Table 1) and the other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples or should define the working range of the detector.

7.2.2 Using injections of 2 to 5 µL, analyze each calibration standard according to Section 12 and tabulate peak height or area responses against the mass injected. The results can be used to prepare a calibration curve for each compound. Alternatively, if the ratio of response to amount injected (calibration factor) is a constant over the working range (

7.3.1 Prepare calibration standards at a minimum of three concentration levels for each parameter of interest by adding volumes of one or more stock standards to a volumetric flash. To each calibration standard, add a known constant amount of one or more internal standards, and dilute to volume with isooctane. One of the standards should be at a concentration near, but above, the MDL and the other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in real samples or should define the working range of the detector.

7.3.2 Using injections of 2 to 5 µL, analyze each calibration standard according to Section 12 and tabulate peak height or area responses against concentration for each compound and internal standard. Calculate response factors (RF) for each compound using Equation 1.

RF = (As)(Cis (Ais)(Cs)

Equation 1

where:

As = Response for the parameter to be measured.

Ais = Response for the internal standard.

Cis = Concentration of the internal standard (µg/L).

Cs = Concentration of the parameter to be measured (µg/L).

If the RF value over the working range is a constant (s/Ais, vs. RF.

8. Quality Control

8.1.1 The analyst must make an initial, one-time, demonstration of the ability to generate acceptable accuracy and precision with this method. This ability is established as described in Section 8.2.

8.1.2 In recognition of advances that are occurring in chromatography, the analyst is permitted certain options (detailed in Sections 10.4, 11.1, and 12.1) to improve the separations or lower the cost of measurements. Each time such a modification is made to the method, the analyst is required to repeat the procedure in Section 8.2.

8.1.4 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, spike and analyze a minimum of 10% of all samples to monitor and evaluate laboratory data quality. This procedure is described in Section 8.3.

8.1.5 The laboratory must, on an ongoing basis, demonstrate through the analyses of quality control check standards that the operation of the measurement system is in control. This procedu

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